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World Energy Outlook 2022 Energy security in energy transitions
…offer the chance to build a safer and more sustainable energy system that reduces exposure to fuel price volatility and brings down energy bills, but there is no guarantee that the journey will be a smooth one. Traditional security threats remain, even as new potential vulnerabilities emerge. The World Energy Outlook 2022 proposes the following ten guidelines to help buttress energy security in the “mid-transition”, when the clean energy and fossil fuel systems co-exist and are both required to deliver reliable energy services. Key findings Synchronise scaling up a range of clean energy technologies with scaling back of fossil fuels…
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Electricity 2026 Executive summary
…over the past decade. India and Southeast Asia’s share of electricity demand growth among emerging economies is forecast to rise substantially by 2030, driven by robust economic growth and rapidly rising demand for air conditioning, which is set to boost both annual consumption and peak loads.Electricity demand growth in advanced economies is accelerating again after 15 years of stagnation. This resurgence signals a new era in which electricity is a major energy input to some of the most dynamic drivers of global economies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), data centres and advanced manufacturing. In 2025, advanced economies accounted for…
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- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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Key Questions on Energy and AI Executive summary
…likelihood that it will reshape economic growth, innovation and competitiveness and disrupt established industries and jobs.In April 2025, the IEA published its landmark Energy and AI report, which provided first-of-its-kind global analysis on the links between AI and energy. Since then, the field has evolved rapidly: new questions have emerged and new data has come to light. This report builds on the foundation of previous work, providing fresh analysis on key issues. It covers the outlook for data centre electricity demand considering recent market developments; innovations in powering data centres; and the implications of these trends…
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Gaining an Edge Summary for policymakers
…firms matched the energy consumption of the least energy-intensive peers in their subsectors, energy costs could be reduced by up to an estimated USD 600 billion. This opportunity is not only present in heavy industries, but also in the lighter industries that form the backbone of many economies, collectively accounting for half of global industrial value added and two-thirds of jobs.Meanwhile, the manufacturing of energy efficiency technologies represents a new opportunity. Global investment in energy efficiency continues to accelerate, increasing by 150% since 2015. Rising indicators, from manufacturing capacity to RD&D investments, signal ongoing market growth…
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Global Methane Tracker 2025 Accelerating industry action
…OGDC), and the Methane Guiding Principles. OGMP 2.0 is the flagship oil and gas reporting and mitigation initiative of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Since 2023, around 20 new companies joined OGMP 2.0, bringing coverage to just over 40% of global oil and gas production.OGCI’s Aiming for Zero Methane Emissions Initiative aims to eliminate all methane emissions from the oil and gas sector by 2030. OGCI also facilitates peer-to-peer learning through its role as the secretariat of the OGDC, which includes knowledge-sharing and collaboration programmes to disseminate solutions. With the recent inclusion of PetroChina, the…
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Energy Management for Industry Executive summary
Energy management programmes help achieve efficiency targets and meet policy objectives Recent global upheavals and uncertainties are putting increasing pressure on businesses around the world. This is prompting governments to look more and more to energy efficiency to promote industrial competitiveness, increase resilience of businesses, protect jobs, reduce strain on grids, and enhance energy security. Providing government-led energy management programmes or policy packages for industry is one of the quickest and most cost-effective ways of ensuring fast and continual energy efficiency implementation. By encouraging and supporting companies to adopt energy management, governments can help ensure energy demand reductions…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2024 Progress summary dashboard
Note: 2024e = Estimated based on announced projects. FID = Final Investment Decision.
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Policy options to accelerate distributed solar PV in Ukraine Policy options and implications
Overview of policy instruments for distributed solar PV deployment Globally, government policies and incentives have been the main driver for distributed PV deployment. These instruments can be differentiated between 1) policies targeting investment costs and 2) policies focusing on consumption and the sale of electricity.Policies targeting investment costs usually take the form of direct financial incentives that aim to reduce initial investment costs and make distributed PV systems more affordable for consumers. They include:Grants and rebates: a fixed subsidy, usually with a one-time payment.Tax credits: amounts taxpayers can subtract from taxes, usually based on a percentage…
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Appliances
Introduction Appliances represent 45% of electricity demand in buildings and are responsible for almost 3 gigatons (Gt) of CO₂ emissions. Doubling the global annual energy intensity improvement by 2030 would require appliances to become 30% to 40% more efficient. An integrated policy approach combining regulation, information and incentives is the most effective way to achieve this goal. Regulations such as minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) can ensure that the least efficient equipment is not sold on the market. MEPS also encourage suppliers to increase the efficiency of the appliances they produce, accelerating the improvement of efficiency on the market. In…
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Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis Policy response to the crisis
As markets reeled from the drastic reduction in Russian pipeline gas supply to Europe and as global trade and demand patterns shifted, governments did not remain idle. Faced with the spectre of supply shortages, worsening current accounts, and inflation pressure linked to energy imports and rising energy prices for citizens and businesses alike, governments across the main LNG-importing regions rapidly implemented policy and market measures in response to the crisis. Europe The European Union and its member states adopted a number of measures to enhance security of supply and market resilience ahead of the 2022/23 heating season. However…
