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World Energy Outlook 2022 The global energy crisis
Introduction The world is in the middle of a global energy crisis of unprecedented depth and complexity. Europe is at the centre of this crisis, but it is having major implications for markets, policies and economies worldwide. As so often is the case, the poorest and most vulnerable are likely to suffer most. The strains did not begin with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, but they have been sharply exacerbated by it. Extraordinarily high prices are sparking a reappraisal of energy policies and priorities. The Europe-Russia energy relationship lies in tatters, calling into question the viability of decades of…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry Executive summary
Fundamental shifts are reshaping global car markets The car industry is undergoing profound changes as electric car sales continue to rise and the geography of global car sales shifts. Global car sales approached 80 million in 2024 and have largely bounced back from their pandemic-related slump. Recent growth has been exclusively driven by sales of electric and hybrid cars, which made up around 30% of total car sales in 2024, while global sales of pure internal combustion engine (ICE) cars peaked in 2017 and have since fallen by 30%. By contrast, electric car sales grew more than 14-fold over…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Building
State of the transition Emissions Sectorial CO2 emissions trends have been fairly stable since 2018.Efficiency gains in buildings are improving energy use, but rising ownership of appliances and extreme weather increasingly offset these benefits.Emissions intensity of steel and cement is largely the same as 2020, while global construction activity has slowed in recent years. Cost Investment in building energy efficiency has risen over the past decade, but growth is now stalling, while spending on electrification grows steadily.High-efficiency building envelopes often entail higher upfront costs, constraining uptake in markets without dedicated financial support mechanisms.Strengthening the business…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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Energy Efficiency 2025 Industry
How and where is energy used? Total final consumption in 2024 was over 450 EJ and has grown by around 25 EJ since 2019. Industry accounts for the largest share of this demand, at nearly 40%. Industry saw the strongest growth since 2019, contributing two-thirds of the total increase in global energy demand. The industrial sector can be divided into energy-intensive industries, responsible for three-quarters of total industrial demand, and less intensive industries, which are responsible for the remainder.In energy-intensive industries, energy is largely used in processes that require high-temperature heat, generally above 500°C. Efficiency improvements…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Executive summary
In a volatile world, energy security takes centre stage Pressing threats and longer term hazards are elevating energy to a core issue of economic and national security. Energy is at the heart of today’s geopolitical tensions, with traditional risks to fuel supply now accompanied by restrictions affecting supplies of critical minerals. The electricity sector – so essential to modern economies – is also increasingly vulnerable to cyber, operational and weather-related hazards.Decisions taken by energy policy makers will be crucial to address these risks, but they do so against a complex backdrop:Geopolitical fragility coexists with subdued oil prices. Ongoing…
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Household Energy Affordability Executive summary
Household energy affordability continues to be a key priority for governments as energy bills remain elevated Household energy bills globally have come down from the peaks seen during the global energy crisis in 2022, but on average they were still around 4% higher in real terms in 2024 than they were in 2019. Household energy bills soared in many parts of the world as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic and Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, which introduced a period of extreme volatility and a sharp run-up in prices. At the peak of the…
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Energy System Resilience Executive summary
Ensuring the resilience of energy systems – or their capacity to prepare for disruptions, withstand shocks while maintaining operations, and rapidly restore service – plays a key role in managing many of today’s emerging security risks, from weather disruptions to geopolitical tensions. Energy security encompasses both long-term adequacy through infrastructure investment and diverse supply sources, and short-term resilience for events beyond standard planning conditions. While countries face different threats – from extreme and severe weather to cyberattacks and infrastructure failures – a common challenge is to design adaptable systems that can respond rapidly, isolate affected components, and restore supply services swiftly…
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Syrine El Abed
Africa Programme Manager.
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World Energy Employment 2024 Executive summary
Global energy employment outperformed broader labour market trends in 2023. The global energy sector added nearly 2.5 million jobs in 2023 on the back of rising investment, bringing total employment to over 67 million workers. Employment in energy – which in this report includes energy supply, the power sector, end-use efficiency and vehicle manufacturing – rose by 3.8%, outpacing the economy-wide average of 2.2%. Energy job growth was fuelled by record levels of investment across a wide range of energy sources in the wake of the global energy crisis. As a result, jobs grew rapidly in both…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry The global car industry in context
Highlights Global car markets are undergoing potentially transformative changes. Car sales reached a high point in 2017 and have bounced back from a pandemic-related drop due to sales of electric and hybrid cars; sales of conventional cars have continued to fall. Growth has shifted to emerging economies including China since the turn of the century, with around half of all sales now in these regions. Global car production has grown unevenly since the pandemic. China’s car output reached a record 27 million in 2024, 30% higher than in 2019, while India’s output grew 30% to almost 5…