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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 7. Palembang waste-to-energy plant
Project overview and impact Indonesia faces a dual challenge of rapidly growing waste volumes and persistent electricity supply constraints. The country generates around 65 million tonnes of waste annually, yet only about 20% is formally treated, and most cities rely heavily on landfills. In 2017, the government designated 12 priority cities for accelerated waste-to-energy (WTE) development, including Palembang, and introduced preferential feed-in tariffs and guaranteed waste-tipping fees to attract private investment. Despite this, only two WTE plants, Surabaya’s Benowo PLTSa and Surakarta’s Putri Cempo PLTSa, both on Java island, were operational before 2024, highlighting…
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Energy Efficiency 2024 How is the dumping of inefficient equipment affecting efficiency progress?
Differing regulatory frameworks open the door to inefficient equipment dumping The efficiency of appliances available for purchase varies substantially across different markets globally. IEA market data shows that between emerging markets alone the differences are very large. For example, the median efficiency of air conditioners in the sub-Saharan Africa region is only 3.1 W/W, while it is 4.7 in Southeast Asia, close to the 5‑6.5 W/W the NZE Scenario foresees by 2030. At the same time, household budgets for the purchase and use of appliances differ strongly due to global wealth and income inequalities. The result…
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Peter Zeniewski
Senior Energy Analyst. Dr. Peter Zeniewski is a Senior Energy Analyst at the IEA. His main area of focus is the outlook for natural gas and LNG – covering long-term assessments of supply, demand, trade, investment and pricing. He has also led projects on energy affordability, biogases, India’s energy outlook, and emissions from oil and gas supply. Prior to joining the IEA, Peter was a Chancellor’s Fellow at the University of Edinburgh and held positions at the European Commission and Wood Mackenzie. He holds a PhD in International Relations from the University of Oxford.
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Electric vehicle batteries
Electric vehicle battery deployment Electric vehicle battery deployment grew by almost 30% in 2025 Electric vehicles (EVs) remained the primary source of global battery deployment, accounting for more than 70% of the total in 2025, slightly down from almost 80% in 2024. In 2025, EV battery deployment reached 1.2 TWh, an increase of almost 30% compared to 2024, and more than 7 times greater than in 2020. Light‑duty vehicles remained the dominant segment, representing more than 85% of the 2025 EV battery deployment. However, the fastest growth came from electric trucks, for which battery demand more than doubled – largely thanks…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Trends in other EV modes
Trends in electric truck sales Electric truck sales doubled in 2025 to reach 9% of truck sales worldwide Sales of electric trucks continued to grow for the fifth consecutive year in 2025, exceeding 400 000 for the first time and doubling compared to the previous year. Globally, electric trucks reached 9% of all truck sales in 2025, surpassing the EV sales share for buses and light commercial vehicles.In particular, the electric heavy freight truck (HFT) segment expanded significantly: sales of electric HFTs almost tripled year-on-year, from around 84 000 in 2024 to a record high of 230 000 in 2025…
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 4. TFC Solar PV project in South Africa
…generate about 147 GWh of solar electricity per year, contributing to South Africa’s broader efforts to decarbonise heavy industry. The project also demonstrates how foreign capital, coupled with industrial demand, can support both energy security and lower-carbon production in one of Africa’s most important mining economies.The project was announced during the 2024 China-South Africa Economic and Trade Forum, receiving support from both countries. Financing model and China’s role The TFC project is financed through a joint equity and debt structure, with CGN as the majority shareholder. Total project costs are estimated at more than…
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Christian Zinglersen
Former Head of the Clean Energy Ministerial Secretariat.
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in the electric car industry
…manufacturing region, the European Union, production stagnated at 2.4 million cars in 2024, but surpassed domestic sales by more than 5%. Domestic carmakers were behind nearly 80% of the region’s total output, but there were contrasting trends among EU OEMs. While German OEMs marked a 5% year-on-year increase in their EU output, other EU OEMs (Stellantis and Renault) saw their regional production drop by over 15%, producing about 420 000 electric cars, or less than 20% of the region’s output. Meanwhile, there was a sixfold increase in EU production by US OEMs between 2021 and 2024, predominantly led…
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Rebecca Schulz
Senior Oil Market Analyst.
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in electric car affordability
…decline in the battery pack price. Similarly, in the United States, a 15% decline in battery prices contributed to a 3% drop in the average purchase price of electric SUVs in 2024. In contrast, in Germany, the price of electric SUVs slightly increased in 2024, despite their battery pack prices declining 20%. This suggests that the battery pack price is not the only factor influencing EV prices: other component manufacturing costs, trim levels and carmakers’ pricing strategies also play a significant role. Availability of a wide range of affordable EV models will be key to unlocking mass-market adoption. In 2024…