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Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Assessing the sustainable potential and cost of feedstocks for biogas and biomethane
Feedstock assessment This assessment considers over 30 types of feedstocks for biogases. They can be broadly grouped together as crop residues, animal manure, biowaste and woody biomass. We assess feedstocks that can be processed without direct competition with food for agricultural land or animal feed, and that do not have any other adverse sustainability impacts. Biogas and methane yields are key indicators of how suitable a feedstock is for energy production. Biogas yield refers to the total volume of gas produced from a feedstock through anaerobic digestion, primarily methane (CH₄) and CO₂. Methane yield, by contrast, accounts only for the…
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Ksenia Petrichenko
Energy Efficiency Policy Analyst.
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Power
State of the transition Emissions Global emissions from electricity generation rose by 1.2% in 2024 to around 13.9 Gt of CO2, following an increase of 1.6% in 2023.The global emissions intensity of electricity generation is on a contracting trend, with a record 3% reduction in 2024 compared to 1% in 2023. This improvement reflects the rapid growth in renewable energy and nuclear electricity production relative to rising demand. Cost On an levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) basis, renewables remained the most cost-competitive option for new electricity generation in 2024.Onshore wind remained the most affordable…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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+ 4 pages
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Electricity 2026 Supply
Renewables and nuclear keep growing and setting records Global electricity generation will reach multiple new milestones in our 2026-2030 forecast period. This is particularly the case for low-emissions generation sources – renewables and nuclear – which will continue expanding and setting new records. Renewable energy is now outpacing coal, with nuclear generation simultaneously reaching historic highs. Constrained by growth in low-emissions sources, coal-fired generation globally is forecast to record slight declines, where demand growth through 2030 will be met by renewables, natural gas and nuclear. While trends for individual fuels vary by region, a common theme is the…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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Hannah Daly
Former World Energy Outlook Analyst.
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Financing Electricity Access in Africa Beyond new connections
Providing an affordable, equitable and quality service Affordability constraints can prevent households from gaining access to electricity or from taking advantage of electricity services once a connection is made. An estimated 220 million people in sub-Saharan Africa (around 40% of those without access) would find the basic bundle unaffordable, rising to 400 million for the essential bundle (65% of those without access). Filling this affordability gap would cost an additional USD 2-10 billion per year, via supply-side subsidies to reduce developer costs, demand-side subsidies to reduce consumer costs, or reductions in financing costs.The cost of capital for electricity access projects…
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Sue-Ern Tan
Head of the IEA Regional Cooperation Centre. Sue-Ern Tan is the Head of the IEA Regional Cooperation Centre established in Singapore at the end of 2024. The Office is the first outside of the IEA’s Paris headquarters in its 50-year history and will provide policy guidance, technical assistance, training and capacity building across areas such as scaling-up the deployment of renewables and other clean energy technologies, increasing cross-border power trade, and improving access to finance for clean energy investment.Prior to joining the IEA, Ms Tan worked at Shell plc in senior climate and energy roles at Shell’s headquarters in London and The Hague and most recently in Singapore as the Head of Policy and Advocacy. Ms Tan practiced as a lawyer, worked as Ministerial adviser on energy in the Australian Government and was the Deputy CEO of a minerals trade association in Australia. She graduated from University of New South Wales in Australia with a Commerce and Law Degree and is an Eise...
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Sybel Galván Gómez
Permanent Representative of Mexico to the OECD. Ms Galván holds a BA in Economics, a diploma in Advance Econometrics from the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM), and a Master in Public Policy from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. She started her professional career in 1993 as advisor to the Vice Minister of Public Revenue at the Ministry of Finance, where she was involved in the project of the Mexican Central Bank Autonomy and in customs surveillance.From 1994 to 2002, she held different positions at Banco de México, the Mexican Central Bank, among them Head of the Department on Financial Credits Markets Survey. From 2002 to 2012, Ms Galván was Counsellor for Economic, Financial and Fiscal Affairs at the Permanent Representation of Mexico to the OECD.Prior to taking up her duties as Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Mexico to the OECD in 2019, Ms. Galván held the position of Director General of Analysis and Statistics at CONSAR, the ...
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Executive summary
Demand for key energy minerals continued to grow strongly in 2024. Lithium demand rose by nearly 30%, significantly exceeding the 10% annual growth rate seen in the 2010s. Demand for nickel, cobalt, graphite and rare earths increased by 6‑8% in 2024. This growth was largely driven by energy applications such as electric vehicles, battery storage, renewables and grid networks. In the case of copper, the rapid expansion of grid investments in China has been the single largest contributor to demand growth over the past two years. For battery metals such as lithium, nickel, cobalt and graphite, the energy sector accounted…
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IEA confirms Member country contributions to collective action to release oil stocks in response to Middle East disruptions
…2
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2.2
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Denmark
1.2
1.2
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1.2
Estonia
0.3
0.3
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0.3
Finland
1.8
details not yet available
France
14.6
details not yet available
Germany
19.5
19.5
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-
details not yet available
Greece
2.0
details not yet available
Hungary
6.1
6.1
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-
-
6.1
Ireland
1.7
1.7
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-
0.2
1.5
Italy
10.0
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10.0
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10.0
Japan
79.8
54.0
25.8
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54.0
25.8
Korea
22.5
details not yet available
Latvia
0.3
details not yet available
Lithuania
0.6
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0.6…