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Gas Market Report, Q2-2026 Executive summary
The Middle East conflict has disrupted gas market fundamentals and is changing the medium-term outlook The war in the Middle East is sending shockwaves through energy markets. The easing of fundamentals in international natural gas markets in early 2026 was abruptly disrupted by the de facto closure of the Strait of Hormuz at the beginning of March, which has created unprecedented uncertainty.The crisis has profoundly distorted short-term market fundamentals and is altering the medium-term outlook for natural gas. The loss, for the time being, of almost 20% of global LNG supply has caused strong price volatility, driving…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Trends in electric cars
Electric car sales Electric car sales topped 20 million globally in 2025 One in four new cars sold worldwide was electric in 2025The electric car market reached new highs in 2025, growing by 20% from 2024 to exceed 20 million sales, in line with expectations in the 2025 edition of the Global EV Outlook. The sales share of electric cars in the overall car market increased to 25%. This marked the fifth consecutive year in which annual electric car sales increased by about 3.5 million, a trend that began in 2021 after the Covid‑19 pandemic. As a result, about 5% of the…
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Renewables in District Energy Regional trends in district heating
Regional trends in district heating
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Gas Market Report, Q1-2026 Executive summary
…relatively tight in the first half of 2025. While global LNG supply increased by 4% (or 10 bcm) year-on-year (y‑o‑y) in the first half of 2025, this was partially offset by lower Russian and Norwegian piped gas deliveries to Europe. In addition, stronger storage injections in the European Union contributed to tighter markets. This kept European and Asian benchmark prices 30% and 40%, respectively, above their levels in the same period a year earlier.Global LNG supply growth accelerated to 10% (or 28 bcm) y‑o‑y in the second half of 2025, which gradually eased market conditions starting from…
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Ukraine’s Energy Security
A pre-winter assessment As Ukraine enters its fourth winter of war, ensuring that residents retain reliable access to heat and power is of the utmost importance. While Ukraine made strong strides in rebuilding and strengthening the resilience of its energy system this past spring and summer, the situation remains fragile, and the risk of huge disruptions and widespread destabilisation remains – particularly as Russia expands the scope and sophistication of its attacks.This analysis builds on the IEA’s September 2024 report, Ukraine’s Energy Security and the Coming Winter. It provides an update on the latest developments through October…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Trends in other EV modes
Trends in electric truck sales Electric truck sales doubled in 2025 to reach 9% of truck sales worldwide Sales of electric trucks continued to grow for the fifth consecutive year in 2025, exceeding 400 000 for the first time and doubling compared to the previous year. Globally, electric trucks reached 9% of all truck sales in 2025, surpassing the EV sales share for buses and light commercial vehicles.In particular, the electric heavy freight truck (HFT) segment expanded significantly: sales of electric HFTs almost tripled year-on-year, from around 84 000 in 2024 to a record high of 230 000 in 2025…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in electric car markets
Electric car sales Global electric car sales exceeded 17 million in 2024 More than 20% of new cars sold worldwide were electricElectric car sales topped 17 million worldwide in 2024, rising by more than 25%. Just the additional 3.5 million cars sold in 2024 compared to 2023 outnumber total electric car sales in the whole of 2020. China maintained its lead among major markets, with electric car sales exceeding 11 million – more than were sold worldwide just 2 years earlier. Global sales were slightly tempered by stagnating growth in Europe, as subsidies were phased out or reduced in several major markets, and…
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Clean Efficient Cooking
Clean Efficient Cooking
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Oil 2025 Executive summary
Turbulent times in oil markets Heightened geopolitical risks, unresolved trade tensions, and policy shifts have added myriad uncertainties to the oil market outlook. Since the start of the year, major economic forecasters have cut their outlooks for world GDP growth in 2025 by roughly half a percentage point to around 2.8% and see a below-trend pace of about 3% annually for the remainder of the decade, with knock-on implications for oil demand. With conflicts in the Middle East region at risk of intensifying and trade negotiations ongoing, uncertainties surrounding our forecasts are substantial. At the same time…
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Electricity Market Design Executive summary
Electricity systems are changing fast, and market design must evolve with them Electricity systems are undergoing rapid structural change, increasing the need for market frameworks that keep pace with evolving operational and investment requirements and possibilities. Electricity is central to modern economies, and its role is expanding as consumption patterns shift, digitalisation accelerates, energy systems decentralise, and variable resources grow. Across major regions, these trends are increasing the complexity of real-time operations and reshaping investment dynamics. Short-term and seasonal flexibility needs are projected to grow faster than demand over the next decade, while electrification in many sectors is…
