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Brazil 2025 Executive summary
Brazil has positioned itself as a leader in the global energy transition. Its vast renewable energy resources, strong biofuels sector and ambitious climate commitments offer distinct advantages in the low-carbon economy. The country has introduced a comprehensive National Energy Transition Policy (PNTE) aimed at achieving net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050, supported by the Energy Transition Plan (PLANTE) and the Energy Transition Forum (FONTE). In 2024, the country also launched the Low-Carbon Hydrogen Law, the Brazilian Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading System Law, the Fuel of the Future Law and the Energy Transition Acceleration Program, further boosting momentum…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for electricity
Electricity accounts for about 20% of the world’s total final consumption of energy, but its share of energy services is higher due to its efficiency. It is central to many aspects of daily life and becomes more so as electricity spreads to new end-uses, such as electric vehicles (EVs) and heat pumps. The electricity sector accounted for 59% of all the coal used globally in 2021, together with 34% of natural gas, 4% of oil, 52% of all renewables and nearly 100% of nuclear power. It also accounted for over one-third of all energy-related CO2 emissions…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for energy demand
…ground of any energy source this decade, accounting for 43% of electricity generation worldwide in 2030, up from 28% today. Oil demand rises 0.8% per year to 2030, but peaks soon after at around 103 million barrels per day as electric vehicles (EVs) and efficiency gains undermine its prospects.The tone for accelerated clean energy development this decade in advanced economies is being set by new policy packages and government plans and targets, notably those set out in: Inflation Reduction Act (United States); RePowerEU plan and Fit for 55 package (European Union); Climate Change Bill (Australia); and GX Green Transformation …
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Energy Efficiency 2024 Executive summary
…improvements can deliver over a third of all carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reductions between now and 2030 in a pathway aligned with reaching net zero emissions by 2050. This involves speeding up electrification and improvements in technical efficiency. From 2010 to 2022, improvements in energy intensity contributed to a cumulative reduction in global CO₂ emissions of almost 7 gigatonnes (Gt). Meeting global efficiency ambitions requires a step up in policy implementation Governments representing more than 70% of global energy demand have implemented new or updated efficiency policies in 2024. Kenya, for example, updated its building energy code to make efficiency req...
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Investment and innovation
…preparation and reducing financing costs.Venture capital (VC) for hydrogen continued to fall in 2025, both in absolute terms and as a share of energy VC, down from a 13% peak in 2023 to 4% in 2025. Aviation attracted the largest share of hydrogen VC, with almost 25%.Hydrogen company valuations are being driven to new highs by one firm, while returns show modest signs of stabilisation and recovery. Bloom Energy stands out, adding almost USD 80 billion in market capitalisation in the past year, as surging electricity demand from AI data centres and long gas turbine backlogs boost prospects for its…
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Infographic: Overview recommended measures
Infographic: Overview recommended measures
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Gas Market Report, Q2-2026 Executive summary
…Furthermore, damage to LNG liquefaction infrastructure reduced the outlook for global LNG supply over the medium term and is expected to delay the effect of the unfolding LNG wave – a central theme of the IEA’s latest medium-term outlook. Natural gas markets continued to rebalance during the 2025/26 heating season amid strong LNG supply growth Global LNG trade grew by 12% year-on-year (or 29 bcm) through the October-February period, supported by a series of new liquefaction projects, notably in North America, and stronger output from selected legacy exporters. The Plaquemines LNG plant in Louisiana alone…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Progress summary dashboard
Production Electrolysers Policies Investment
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Coal 2025 Trade
International coal trade is set to decline in 2025 International coal trade grew by 3% in 2024, reaching a new record of 1 544 Mt. This growth was driven by increases in both thermal coal (up 26 Mt to 1 176 Mt) and met coal (up 21 Mt to 368 Mt). Coal trade accounted for approximately 18% of global coal demand, with thermal coal making up more than three-quarters of total traded volumes. Seaborne trade continued to dominate, representing over 90% of global coal trade in 2024.The Asia Pacific region further strengthened its dominance, accounting for 85% of global coal imports in 2024. China led…
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Financing the ASEAN Power Grid Executive summary
…to 4% through to 2040, considerably faster than the global average. ASEAN member states have committed to a massive expansion of new generation capacity to meet this demand. By 2040, total generation capacity is set to more than double with renewables accounting for 75% of new additions under today’s policy settings. This will require over USD 300 billion of investment in the expansion and modernisation of electricity grids from 2025 to 2040 – a 72% increase compared to investment from 2009 to 2024.Interconnectors are set to be a critical component of this grid build-out. The ASEAN Power Grid …
