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Regional minimum efficiency performance standards (MEPS) for air-conditioners and fridges
As of January 2024, the 16 Southern African Development Community (SADC) member states formally approved harmonised regional MEPS for air conditioners and domestic refrigerators. Two tiers are specified for minimum energy consumption, one for implementation in 2024 and a second, more ambitious level for implementation by 2027.
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Tariff inflexion on acid battery
In July 2024, the South African Revenue Service increased the rate of customs duty on certain lead-acid batteries.
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Income tax incentives for renewable energy installations
From 2023 to 2025, South African companies benefit from an income tax reduction for their investments in renewable energy installations. Under the incentive, companies will be able to deduct from their taxes 50% of the costs in the first year, 30% in the second and 20% in the third for qualifying investments in wind, concentrated solar, hydropower below 30 megawatts (MW), biomass and photovoltaic (PV) projects above 1 MW. In addition, in 2023 and 2024, the South African government is implementing an household-oriented scheme providing an income tax reduction on rooftop solar panels, covering 25% of the cost of…
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SADC Energy Protocol
The SADC Energy Protocol is a regional framework for energy cooperation among Sounthern African countries whose objectives include
(1) harmonization of energy policies, strategies and programmes
(2) cooperation in development of energy and energy pooling,
(3) cooperation in the development of energy sub-sectors
(4) ensuring provision of reliable aand sustainable energy service,
(5) development of human resources
(6) cooperation in human resource development, research, adaptation, dissemination and transfer of low cost energy technologiesand
(7) standardization of in appropriate energy development and technoilogy. -
SADC Energy Protocol 1994
The SADC Energy Protocol is a regional framework for energy cooperation among Southern African countries whose objectives include:
(i) harmonization of energy policies, strategies and programmes
(2) cooperation in development of energy and energy pooling,
(3) cooperation in the development of energy sub-sectors
(4) ensuring provision of reliable and sustainable energy service,
(5) development of human resources
(6) cooperation in human resource development, research, adaptation, dissemination and transfer of low cost energy technologies
(7) and standardization of in appropriate energy development and technology. -
Coal 2025 Trade
International coal trade is set to decline in 2025 International coal trade grew by 3% in 2024, reaching a new record of 1 544 Mt. This growth was driven by increases in both thermal coal (up 26 Mt to 1 176 Mt) and met coal (up 21 Mt to 368 Mt). Coal trade accounted for approximately 18% of global coal demand, with thermal coal making up more than three-quarters of total traded volumes. Seaborne trade continued to dominate, representing over 90% of global coal trade in 2024.The Asia Pacific region further strengthened its dominance, accounting for 85% of global coal imports in 2024. China led…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
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Portugal 2026 Executive summary
Thanks to steady expansion of hydropower, wind power generation and solar photovoltaics (PV) in recent years, Portugal has one of the lowest carbon intensities of electricity generation among IEA Member countries. Portugal is entering a mid‑transition that requires managing two interconnected energy systems that are moving in opposite directions: one is based on renewables and electrification and must scale up rapidly; the other is a legacy fossil fuel system that must decline in an orderly way to avoid stranded assets and price shocks. Electricity is becoming the central pillar of energy security and the main driver of emissions reductions.Portugal…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in other light-duty electric vehicles
Electric two- and three-wheelers Contrasting regional trends mean global sales of electric two- and three-wheelers remain at around 15% Two- and three-wheelers (2/3Ws) remained the most electrified road transport segment in 2024, with more than 9% of the global fleet now electric. The global sales share of electric models remained at around 15% in 2024 with total electric model sales reaching 10 million. The electric sales share stalled in 2024, mostly due to the shrinking Chinese electric 2/3W market, although growth in other regions was steady. China, India and Southeast Asia remain the world’s largest…
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Dashboard
Overview The dashboard provides an interactive view of Chinese official-sector financing for energy across EMDE, enabling users to explore project-level data by year, recipient country or region, technology, instrument, provider type and currency (when applicable). Developed to bring greater understanding of China’s diverse financing channels, the dashboard allows users to filter and compare flows in either USD (2024, MER) or by project count. It is designed to complement the analysis in this report and to support deeper understanding of how different institutions and instruments shape China’s role in EMDE energy finance.Use the filters to explore…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2024 Progress summary dashboard
Note: 2024e = Estimated based on announced projects. FID = Final Investment Decision.
