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Oman
Oman’s energy supply is entirely generated by nationally-produced natural gas and oil products and the country is a large exporter of oil and gas. The government has recently launched the “Residential PV Initiative" to foster the private use of solar PV.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Manufacturing and trade
Manufacturing and trade of electric cars Global electric car output reached record levels in 2025 while European production rebounded Nearly 22 million electric cars were produced globally in 2025 – up more than 25% compared to the previous year. Of those, about one-quarter were traded between major production and demand centres. China remains the world’s largest hub for manufacturing and trade of electric cars, capturing nearly 75% and 40% of the respective global totals. Primarily led by domestic carmakers, China’s 2025 production of 16 million electric cars outstripped domestic demand by 20%, pushing Chinese electric car exports to double to…
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 4. TFC Solar PV project in South Africa
Project overview and impact South Africa faces significant challenges regarding electricity reliability. The lack of investment, coupled with increasing demand have led to chronic load shedding, with household and industrial consumers affected. Energy-intensive sectors, such as ferrochrome smelting, face rising operational costs, production losses and growing pressure to reduce emissions in line with national and international climate objectives. To address power shortages, the South African government, since 2023, has allowed independent power producers to build power plants above 100 MW and sell electricity directly to private customers without an issued generation license.The Tubaste Ferrochrome (TFC) solar PV power…
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Energy and AI AI and energy security
…organisations, obtain deeper access to target networks, and for malicious scripting and evasion techniques. In view of these evolving threats, the deployment of more proactive AI-enabled cybersecurity systems that are quick to respond to threats is critical for ensuring the resilience of the energy sector. Upskilling, threat mapping and expertise sharing will be essential for keeping the energy sector ahead of the curve The security of energy sector supply chains for AI Securing the supply of affordable and reliable power for data centres is at the heart of the challenge of energy for AI. In particular, the growing ex...
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Cameroon
Electrification rates are relatively high in Cameroon compared to the Central African region: 54% of the population has access to electricity, while consumption remains low. The country produced 70 kb/d of oil in 2013, but production is gradually declining.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Chemicals
Country and regional highlights
Important steps to deploy low-emissions chemicals production technologies are being taken in several regions
CO2 emissions
CO2 emissions must decouple from production by 2030 to get on track with the NZE Scenario
Energy
Energy consumption for feedstock will continue to rise with production, but process energy intensity declines rapidly in the NZE Scenario
Activity
Primary chemical production is set to keep growing in the NZE Scenario
Innovation
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Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo has huge hydropower potential while also dealing with extreme energy poverty. Foreign investors are currently partially lifting constraints on the country’s hydropower capacity, which is bringing down the costs of power supply and reducing the share of oil-fired power.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
![Democratic Republic of the Congo Flag]()
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Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis Introduction
…in gas and wider energy markets. The crisis has yet to be entirely resolved in the 3 years that have since passed. However, the post-crisis gas market paradigm has started to emerge, making it possible to draw lessons from the most acute phase of the crisis that can be transposed from one region or market to another, or that can be achieved through collective action across the wider gas market. While gas dependency can be reduced by accelerating the deployment of renewable power generation technologies and electrification of end-uses, the focus of this report is on gas markets…
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The Implications of Oil and Gas Field Decline Rates Executive summary
…the supply picture could develop. This asymmetry is misplaced and a thorough understanding of the rate at which production from existing oil and gas fields declines over time is more important than ever. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has long examined this issue. Decline rates – the annual rate at which production declines from an existing oil or gas field – underpin our analysis of market balances and investment needs across all outlook scenarios.Nearly 90% of annual upstream oil and gas investment since 2019 has been dedicated to offsetting production declines rather than to meet demand growth. Investment in 2025 is…
