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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 6. CNOOC investment in Guyana: Whiptail Oil Field
Project overview and impact Guyana has become a dynamic upstream oil market, transforming from a non-producer to an emerging oil exporter within the decade. Since the first discovery of oil in the Stabroek Block in 2015, six large-scale developments have been approved, turning the area into a central pillar of the country’s economic strategy. Production is expected to exceed 1.3 million barrels per day by 2027, making Guyana one of the largest per-capita oil producers globally. The government’s production sharing contract allocates 14.5% of total crude output to the state, with the remainder…
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Vehicle-to-grid technology
GEVO 2026 - Chapter 8 With the rollout of smart and bidirectional charging, EV owners can reduce charging costs and, in some cases, generate revenue by participating in grid services, such as frequency regulation. Load shifting and vehicle‑to‑grid (V2G) capabilities provide substantial electricity system benefits, helping reduce peak demand and potentially limiting the need for future grid investment – benefits for which EV owners can be compensated. Vehicle-to-grid charging holds the promise of alleviating grid constraints but barriers remain The rollout of EVs is a major driver of global electricity demand growth. Residential EV charging can draw more power than…
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Energy Efficiency 2024 How is the dumping of inefficient equipment affecting efficiency progress?
Differing regulatory frameworks open the door to inefficient equipment dumping The efficiency of appliances available for purchase varies substantially across different markets globally. IEA market data shows that between emerging markets alone the differences are very large. For example, the median efficiency of air conditioners in the sub-Saharan Africa region is only 3.1 W/W, while it is 4.7 in Southeast Asia, close to the 5‑6.5 W/W the NZE Scenario foresees by 2030. At the same time, household budgets for the purchase and use of appliances differ strongly due to global wealth and income inequalities. The result…
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Overview of outlook for key minerals
Demand for critical minerals continues to rise across all scenarios, driven by the rapid deployment of energy technologies Demand for key energy minerals is set to grow rapidly across all scenarios, with the largest source of growth coming from the energy sector. In the Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS), lithium grows fivefold from today to 2040, while graphite and nickel demand double. Demand for cobalt and rare earth elements also grows strongly, increasing 50-60% by 2040. Copper is the material with the largest established market, and its demand is projected to grow by 30% over the same period. Battery deployment…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE)
The International Energy Agency (IEA) was asked by the COP26 Presidency in 2021 to give an indication of what achieving the 1.5 °C goal would mean for the energy sector. Responding to this request, the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE Scenario) was developed. It represents a global pathway towards the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C, but not the only possible one. The IEA has always been clear that there are various paths to reach this objective and that each country will have its own route. Since 2021, the IEA has updated its NZE Scenario each year…
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Energy Management for Industry Executive summary
Energy management programmes help achieve efficiency targets and meet policy objectives Recent global upheavals and uncertainties are putting increasing pressure on businesses around the world. This is prompting governments to look more and more to energy efficiency to promote industrial competitiveness, increase resilience of businesses, protect jobs, reduce strain on grids, and enhance energy security. Providing government-led energy management programmes or policy packages for industry is one of the quickest and most cost-effective ways of ensuring fast and continual energy efficiency implementation. By encouraging and supporting companies to adopt energy management, governments can help ensure energy demand reductions…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Net Zero Emissions by 2050
Acting now to limit overshoot The Paris Agreement set the global goal of limiting warming to well below 2 °C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5 °C. The IEA Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE Scenario) translates the 1.5 °C goal into a global pathway for the energy sector. The updated NZE Scenario presented here takes account of the most recent data and trends. Each country will tailor its own path to net zero emissions. The updated NZE Scenario is based on four central pillars that are widely applicable: clean energy electrification, energy efficiency, low-emissions fuels and methane abatement. The…
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Saving Energy
Today's energy shortages and high prices makes it more important than ever to use energy wisely With today’s global energy crisis resulting in high prices and shortages that are hurting consumers, businesses and entire economies, it has never been more important to use energy more wisely. We can do this through simple changes in behaviour and habits to consume less energy in our daily activities. We can also save energy by investing in more energy efficient products that reduce both our energy bills and our environmental footprint. Energy saving tips 7 ways to save energy 1. Heating: turn…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry Timeline of corporate strategies
This infographic tracks the evolution of corporate strategies for electrification and electric car sales from some of the world’s biggest carmakers and pure-play electric car manufacturers.
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Cooking fuels
LPG demand accounts for around 10% of global oil demand and is used by many households for cooking. The conflict has caused major disruptions to LPG supply chains. With natural gas processing operations halted in parts of the region and flows through the Strait of Hormuz having come to a standstill, LPG supplies for cooking use have been severely curtailed, both locally and at export destinations. Next to measures to free up LPG capacity from other uses, such as in transport or industry, to prioritise domestic use, there are also actions to directly reduce cooking fuel demand. 9. Where possible…
