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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Trade and infrastructure
Trade remains a key driver of low-emissions hydrogen projects, and would underpin over 40% of announced volumes by 2030 if all projects materialise. Less than 8% of this, around 1 Mtpa H₂-eq (hydrogen equivalent), comes from projects that are operational, in construction, or have committed investments, compared with around 16% across the overall project pipeline.First shipments of low-emissions hydrogen are taking place, enabling trials of logistics and certification approaches. Long-term bilateral contracts dominate, particularly for ammonia and ammonia-derived fertilisers, while hot briquetted iron (HBI) is gaining prominence.Announced hydrogen pipeline projects, including new and repurposed natural…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Natural gas
Natural gas demand growth slowed in 2025 Following a strong increase of 2.8% in 2024, global gas demand growth slowed significantly in 2025 amid weaker industrial activity and relatively high spot liquefied natural gas (LNG) prices in the first half of the year. Demand increased by 1% in 2025, translating to an increase of around 40 bcm (or 1.4 EJ) in absolute terms. Incremental demand was largely concentrated in the United States and the European Union – where it was supported by colder winter weather – and in the Middle East, where gas use in the power sector grew rapidly…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Biogas and biomethane outlook to 2050
The landscape for biogases is very different now compared to our last Outlook in 2020, with total demand 32% higher in 2040 in the STEPS than in the New Policies Scenario at the time. Whereas natural gas prices in 2020 were at record lows, the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 triggered interest in developing biomethane to substitute imported natural gas. The revised figure is driven in part by strengthened policy incentives, notably in Europe and China. There is a strong continued use case for biogases in the Outlook scenarios. Electricity's share in total final consumption increases from 20…
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World Energy Investment 2025 Japan and Korea
Expanding power investment and keeping adequate electricity supply capacity will be crucial to meet rising electricity demand and ensure stable supply for the economies of Japan and Korea Japan and Korea are two of the most advanced economies in Asia, both having a strong focus on trade with a dependence on energy imports to meet demand. Energy security concerns are spurred by their low energy self-sufficiency rates, Japan at 13% and Korea at 19%. To reduce their reliance on imports and to promote the energy transition, both countries have made significant investment in clean energy, with 92% of total…
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EIB loan for Galp
EUR 180 million (USD 187 million) as a loan from the EIB to Galp. Loan will be used for the construction of a 100 MW electrolyser producing 250 ktpa in Portugal with a total investment of EUR 250 million
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Law nº 98/2021, of 31st December
Through article 45 of this law, the granting of new concessions for exploration and exploitation of fossil fuels is prohibited throughout the national territory of Portugal.
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The National Railway Plan
…77/2025, of 16 April, approves the National Rail Plan and orders Infraestruturas de Portugal, S. A., to assess priority rail investments.Rail transport is a priority due to its territorial structuring nature and its essential role in decarbonising the mobility sector. The environmental advantages of this mode of transport give it a central role in achieving the goal of climate neutrality by 2050, a commitment made by Portugal and reflected in the Roadmap for Carbon Neutrality approved by Council of Ministers Resolution no. 107/2019 of 1 July.In addition to the country's commitment to environmental sustainability, the…
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Law nº 98/2021, of 31st December, Climate Framework Law
Through article 45 of this law, the granting of new concessions for exploration and exploitation of fossil fuels is prohibited throughout the national territory of Portugal.
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IFRRU 2020 - Financial Instrument for Urban Rehabilitation and Renewal
IFRRU 2020 is a financial instrument designed to support investments in urban rehabilitation, in the whole Portuguese territory. IFRRU 2020 brings together various sources of funding to boost investment, both European funds from PORTUGAL 2020 and funds from other entities such as the European Investment Bank and the Council of Europe Development Bank, combining them with commercial banking resources.Support is provided through financial products of two types (not cumulative): Loans - provided by the financial entities selected to manage IFRRU 2020 support, with maturities of up to 20 years, grace periods equal to the investment period + 6 months (max. 4…
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2019 Incentive to promote the introduction of low-emissions vehicles including electric bicycles
Regulation No 2210/2019 established the conditions for the allocation of the 2019 financial incentives to promote the introduction of low-emission vehicles in Portugal. The incentives are allocated as follows:
Light vehicles
Total applications received (to date): 1616
Max number of given incentives: 1000
Applications allocated (to date): 1064
Applications excluded (to date): 105
Applicattions under assessment (to date): 441
Total allocation (to date): 2.636.250 euros
Total budget: 2.650.000 euros
Motorbikes/Mopeds
Total applications received (to date): 117
Max number of given incentives: 250
Applications allocated (to date): 104
Applications excluded (to date): 6
Applicattions…