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Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Biogas and biomethane outlook to 2050
The landscape for biogases is very different now compared to our last Outlook in 2020, with total demand 32% higher in 2040 in the STEPS than in the New Policies Scenario at the time. Whereas natural gas prices in 2020 were at record lows, the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 triggered interest in developing biomethane to substitute imported natural gas. The revised figure is driven in part by strengthened policy incentives, notably in Europe and China. There is a strong continued use case for biogases in the Outlook scenarios. Electricity's share in total final consumption increases from 20…
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Renewables 2021 Biofuels
…the remaining expansion, but other factors such as overall transport fuel demand, costs and specific policy design influence where growth occurs and which fuels grow quickest. The combination of these influences pushes Asian biofuel production past that of Europe during the forecast period. Policies in the United States and Europe help demand for renewable diesel (also known as hydrogenated vegetable oil [HVO] in Europe) to nearly triple. The factors influencing biofuel demand are all subject to uncertainty. For example, some governments have responded to the current high price of feedstock by relaxing or delaying biofuel blending mandates, with the effect…
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Financing Clean Energy in Africa Designing finance solutions for clean energy: solutions for key sectors
…rural areas. Investment in renewable power projects is set to triple by 2030 under the SAS. While investment has been growing, there is a risk that lower-income countries relying on concessional funds are left behind. These countries account for three-quarters of the region’s population, but, given their less developed regulatory environment and lower demand, attract only a small share of investment. Ensuring concessional capital is targeted to support these lower-income countries is vital. Massive investment in Africa’s grids is critical to improve system reliability, expand access and facilitate the integration of variable renewables. The poor…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Trade and infrastructure
Highlights Trade is a major driver of project announcements. Nearly 45% of low-emissions hydrogen from announced production projects is intended for export, exceeding 16 Mtpa H₂-eq by 2030 if all materialise. Yet export-oriented projects are less likely to reach the investment stage, with only 5% having done so. These projects tend to be large scale, lacking off-takers. More than half are in emerging and developing economies, where affordable capital and export infrastructure may be limited.Some governments are supporting the large-scale offtake of low-emissions hydrogen by providing funds for long-term premiums through competitive auctions. However…
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Kenya 2024 Executive summary
…rate of access to electricity among its population, putting the country on track to reach universal access to electricity by 2030. Kenya has set an ambitious target in its Vision 2030 of becoming a newly industrialising middle-income country with a high quality of life by 2030. A strong emphasis is put on infrastructure development, including for energy. Kenya’s high renewable energy potential and skilled workforce position the country well for sustainable energy development.Bioenergy, mainly traditional biomass used for cooking, accounts for nearly two‑thirds of total energy supply. Geothermal, solar, wind and hydropower are increasingly prominent in the…
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World Energy Employment 2025 Executive summary
In 2024, global energy employment growth outpaced job gains in the wider economy for the third year in a row. Continued strong investment in energy infrastructure underpinned expanding energy employment, up by 2.2%, nearly double the economy-wide rate of 1.3%, bringing total energy sector jobs to 76 million. Since 2019, 5.4 million energy workers have been added – about 2.4% of all new jobs globally. In some countries, its contribution is far larger, reaching one in five new jobs in China and one in ten in the United States since 2022. The pace of the expansion in recent…
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Colombia 2023 Executive summary
…coal exports towards a more diversified clean energy economy based on investments in renewable energy sources, critical minerals and hydrogen.Colombia enjoys a strong natural resource base. Renewables accounted for more than a third of total final energy consumption in 2020, thanks to the significant role of conventional hydropower and bioenergy. In 2021, renewable energy accounted for 25% of Colombia’s total energy supply and for 29% of final consumption, substantially above the IEA average of 14% and made up 75% of electricity generation (compared to the IEA average of 30%).The government continues to expand non-conventional renewable energy…
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Energy outlook to 2050 based on targets and pledges
…2035.Fossil fuel demand peaks before 2035 across all major fuels in the APS, in contrast to continued growth under today’s policy settings. Coal demand peaks around 390 Mtce by 2030 and declines to 140 Mtce by 2050, driven mainly by reduced coal-fired power generation and faster renewables deployment. Oil demand peaks in the early 2030s and falls to around 3.9 mb/d by 2050 as transport electrification and efficiency gains accelerate. Natural gas demand peaks at around 205 bcm around 2030 before declining to about 110 bcm by 2050, as low-emissions alternatives expand across power…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for liquid fuels
The situation for oil markets today could hardly be more different from what it was in 2020. Two years ago, lockdowns imposed in response to the Covid-19 pandemic caused a huge oversupply of oil, leading prices to collapse to an average of USD 44/barrel. Today, global supply is struggling to keep pace with demand, with many producers bumping up against capacity constraints and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine sharply accentuating market tightness. Prices have soared to an average of USD 105/barrel so far in 2022.Global oil use is subject to sharply conflicting pressures. Some sectors, notably aviation, are…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Outlook for electric mobility
…announced deployments and plans from industry stakeholders. The STEPS aims to hold up a mirror to the plans of policy makers and illustrate their consequences. The projections for EV markets in this year’s Global EV Outlook (GEVO-25) are limited to 2030 in the STEPS. As the IEA highlighted in its 2024 edition of Energy Technology Perspectives, energy, industrial and trade policies are increasingly interwoven and there are challenges and trade-offs between these key areas of public policy. The way these interactions play out for electric mobility over the longer term will therefore be assessed holistically in the…
