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Ksenia Petrichenko
Energy Efficiency Policy Analyst.
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Nicholas Howarth
Energy Efficiency Policy Analyst.
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The Implications of Oil and Gas Field Decline Rates Executive summary
…the supply picture could develop. This asymmetry is misplaced and a thorough understanding of the rate at which production from existing oil and gas fields declines over time is more important than ever. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has long examined this issue. Decline rates – the annual rate at which production declines from an existing oil or gas field – underpin our analysis of market balances and investment needs across all outlook scenarios.Nearly 90% of annual upstream oil and gas investment since 2019 has been dedicated to offsetting production declines rather than to meet demand growth. Investment in 2025 is…
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Infographic: Overview recommended measures
Infographic: Overview recommended measures
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Financing Electricity Access in Africa Beyond new connections
…states or small islands. These communities have some of the lowest electrification rates on the continent but are often excluded from financing due to their complexity. In many of these settings, decentralised solutions are viable, but higher risks mean public and highly concessional capital will be necessary, particularly to pilot new financing models.Women play an integral role in electricity access since they are often managers of household energy, as well as consumers, including as entrepreneurs. They face severe barriers to accessing finance, with an estimated USD 42 billion financing gap for women-led businesses on the continent. Improving sex-disaggregated data…
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 4. TFC Solar PV project in South Africa
…industrial demand, can support both energy security and lower-carbon production in one of Africa’s most important mining economies.The project was announced during the 2024 China-South Africa Economic and Trade Forum, receiving support from both countries. Financing model and China’s role The TFC project is financed through a joint equity and debt structure, with CGN as the majority shareholder. Total project costs are estimated at more than RMB 500 million (about USD 70 million), with equity contributions from the CGN, CADFund and KONA Holdings. The exact equity split has not been disclosed.In September 2024, the…
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Jérôme Bilodeau
Senior Programme Manager - Energy Efficiency.
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Federico Callioni
Energy Efficiency Policy Analyst.
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Kristina Klimovich
Programme Officer - Energy Efficiency Hub.
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Global Methane Tracker 2025 Understanding methane emissions
…years, compared with centuries – but it absorbs much more energy while it remains in the atmosphere. Methane also affects air quality because it can lead to ground-level (tropospheric) ozone, a dangerous pollutant. Methane leaks also present explosion risks. The latest Global Methane Budget estimates annual global methane emissions to be around 610 Mt, with human activity responsible for almost two‑thirds of the total and natural sources accounting for the rest. IEA analysis suggests that the energy sector was responsible for around 145 Mt of methane emissions in 2024 – more than 35% of the total amount attributable to human activity…
