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Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Key findings
…is a locally sourced, drop-in substitute for natural gas. This report assesses the global potential and costs of developing biogas and biomethane using a first-of-a-kind geospatial analysis. It provides detailed country- and region-specific supply curves for over 30 types of feedstocks through careful mapping of feedstock density and proximity to infrastructure such as roads, electricity grids and gas pipelines. Policy momentum for biogases has grown since the first landmark International Energy Agency (IEA) report in 2020, with more than 50 new policies introduced around the world. High natural gas prices during the height of the…
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap Executive summary
…and domestic biomass – two fuel sources that suffer from availability and sustainability issues. Heat pump technology offers Moldova an effective means of accelerating the transition in building heating. This roadmap discusses the status of Moldova’s heating sector, the potential for heat pump deployment, and key policy recommendations for creating and maintaining a stable heat pump sector. Strengthening energy security while improving efficiency, curbing natural gas use and working toward European Union accession Heat pumps offer multiple benefits. By implementing the policy recommendations outlined in this roadmap, Moldova can build a heat pump sector that strengthens energy security, improves efficiency…
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Brazil 2025 Executive summary
…the Energy Transition Acceleration Program, further boosting momentum for the energy transition. These initiatives seek to balance economic development with sustainability while ensuring energy security, social inclusion and technological advancement.Brazil’s energy transition is guided by long-term planning frameworks. These include the 30-year National Energy Plan (PNE) and the Ten-Year Energy Expansion Plan (PDE), which provide a structured roadmap for integrating clean technologies, expanding grid infrastructure and enhancing energy efficiency. However, Brazil would benefit from a more unified and overarching energy strategy that consolidates existing policies to ensure coherence, better co-ordination and investment certainty. Likewise…
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Road vehicles - Passenger cars - Limit of fuel consumption and method for evaluation - Draft
Viet Nam has sent a notification to the WTO indicating that this draft in currently under consultation. The text was proposed to be adopted in June 2025 and to entry into force in August 2025. The draft provides a framework for assessing the average fuel consumption of a vehicle fleet for both manufacturers and importers, including specific calculation methodologies for various vehicle types like internal combustion, hybrid, and electric cars. The standards also detail reporting requirements and procedures for ensuring compliance with these fuel efficiency targets.
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Road Haulage Strategy 2022-2032
Published in 2023, Ireland’s Road Haulage Strategy 2022 – 2031 sets out the measures needed to deliver on key objectives for the industry, including decarbonisation. Key measures include reaching a minimum of 30 percent of all new Medium and Heavy-Duty Vehicle sales (bus and truck) to be zero-emission by 2030, as well as increasing the use of renewable fuels as a transitional measure, made possible by the Renewable Transport Fuels Obligation Scheme. Other actions include exploring the potential for operational and digital efficiencies, as well as freight consolidation and road usage charging.
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Road User Charges exemption for light vehicles
On 22 September 2016, the RUC exemption for light electric vehicles was extended until 31 December 2021. This will save the average electric vehicle driver approximately $600 per vehicle each year.
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Road User Charges exemption for heavy vehicles
The Energy Innovation (Electric Vehicles and Other Matters) Amendment Act introduced a RUC exemption for heavy electric vehicles. This will result in significant savings for heavy electric vehicle drivers. This exemption took effect from 1 September 2017.
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Road Pricing
To better utilise the available infrastructure of motorways and express ways and to improve traffic distribution, a road pricing system has been set up. In 1997 an annual fee for motor vehicles to use motorways and express ways was introduced. This fee is paid via the purchase of a sticker (vignette) which has to be stuck onto the windscreen. The price of the vignette in 2019 is € 89.20 for passenger vehicles. For motor vehicles exceeding 3.5 tonnes, a toll depending on mileage was introduced in 2004. The rates are updated annually on the ASFINAG website.
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Road Transport Fuel and Vehicle Taxes
In Sweden, taxation of road traffic is an important element of transport policy, providing an instrument to influence the composition and turnover of the motor vehicle fleet, thus improving its average fuel efficiency. Since 1991, the tax on petrol and diesel includes a carbon dioxide tax. A VAT was imposed on petrol in 1990, and has since been raised to 25%. Sweden also levies sales tax, annual vehicle tax and user charges. Sales taxes are levied on light vehicles only. The annual vehicle tax is differentiated according to vehicle weight and fuel. Only heavy goods vehicles are charged so-called…
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Road tax
The road tax is due from the owner in reason for the possession of the vehicle. In a limited number of cases (mopeds, mini-car), the fee is due in reason of its circulation on roads and public areas. The road tax on cars and motorcycles is due regularly from year to year, independently from the use of it on public roads. Possession is presumed according to the statement by the Vehicles Public Registry (Pra) for all vehicles subject to registration. Vehicle taxation is proportional to engine power and is equal to 2.58/kW per year for unleaded gasoline…