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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Cooking fuels
…and targeted incentives can improve the affordability, provided supply chains can accommodate the increased demand.How governments can enable this: Governments can encourage those households to use their electric devices more when they own it or support greater electric appliances adoption with targeted incentives for lower-income families. Any incentive scheme should prioritise those with limited resources, and consideration should also be given to the availability of appliance stocks and grid capacity.Policy examples: Indonesia is accelerating the conversion of LPG to induction stoves to reduce fuel imports and subsidy burdens. In India, the government of Andhra Pradesh, for example…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Net Zero Emissions by 2050
…in the NZE Scenario increases to around USD 4.8 trillion per year over the next decade, from USD 3.3 trillion today. As these upfront investments are made, savings from lower fuel prices together with efficiency gains mean that households face costs for energy services comparable to those of today through to 2035, and lower still in the longer term. Fuel importers benefit too as import bills are cut by about two-thirds. Electricity takes on a bigger role to meet energy demand, underlining the significance of electricity security, and the need for secure and diversified supply chains for critical minerals and energy…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in other light-duty electric vehicles
Electric two- and three-wheelers Contrasting regional trends mean global sales of electric two- and three-wheelers remain at around 15% Two- and three-wheelers (2/3Ws) remained the most electrified road transport segment in 2024, with more than 9% of the global fleet now electric. The global sales share of electric models remained at around 15% in 2024 with total electric model sales reaching 10 million. The electric sales share stalled in 2024, mostly due to the shrinking Chinese electric 2/3W market, although growth in other regions was steady. China, India and Southeast Asia remain the world’s largest…
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Kenya 2024 Executive summary
Kenya has put in place significant energy policies and strategies, and with strong institutions and ambitious targets, the country is well-positioned to reach its energy goals and continue its economic growth and development.As the largest economy in Eastern Africa and a regional leader in energy development, Kenya has made remarkable progress in increasing the rate of access to electricity among its population, putting the country on track to reach universal access to electricity by 2030. Kenya has set an ambitious target in its Vision 2030 of becoming a newly industrialising middle-income country with a high quality of…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Road transport
…it important to achieve the success statement to reach the sectoral breakthrough goal?While significant recent growth in electric vehicle (EV) sales is encouraging, it remains uneven across geographies and segments. Governments play an important role in accelerating zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption by setting high-level targets and adopting related regulations for fuel economy or CO2 standards. By working together, countries can amplify the signal for greater ZEV adoption.More effort is needed in translating voluntary targets into deployment policies for the light-duty vehicle (LDV) segment. Around 20% of the global LDV market is now covered by binding…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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+ 4 pages
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Global Energy Review 2025 Key findings
Global energy demand grew by 2.2% in 2024 – faster than the average rate over the past decade. Demand for all fuels and technologies expanded in 2024. The increase was led by the power sector as electricity demand surged by 4.3%, well above the 3.2% growth in global GDP, driven by record temperatures, electrification and digitalisation. Renewables accounted for the largest share of the growth in global energy supply (38%), followed by natural gas (28%), coal (15%), oil (11%) and nuclear (8%).Emerging and developing economies accounted for over 80% of global energy demand growth. In China, growth…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Overview and key findings
Ten questions on the future of energy The Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) and the Current Policies Scenario (CPS) present two views on how the energy system may evolve, building on different assumptions regarding today’s policies and technologies. Both scenarios see continued increases in energy demand to 2050, albeit at different speeds, with emerging market and developing economies driving the increase, led by India and Southeast Asia. Differences in the pace at which new technologies are brought into the energy system are reflected in the trajectories for fossil fuels. In the CPS, oil and natural gas demand continue to grow…
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Appliances
Introduction Appliances represent 45% of electricity demand in buildings and are responsible for almost 3 gigatons (Gt) of CO₂ emissions. Doubling the global annual energy intensity improvement by 2030 would require appliances to become 30% to 40% more efficient. An integrated policy approach combining regulation, information and incentives is the most effective way to achieve this goal. Regulations such as minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) can ensure that the least efficient equipment is not sold on the market. MEPS also encourage suppliers to increase the efficiency of the appliances they produce, accelerating the improvement of efficiency on the market. In…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Southeast Asia
…20%, with 69% in Malaysia. The region currently exports ammonia (15% of production) and imports methanol.Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Singapore and Viet Nam all have hydrogen strategies in place, and there is an opportunity to implement policies encouraging fuel shifting in existing applications, as well as on certification.Projects in the pipeline for low-emissions hydrogen production to 2030 add up to almost 480 ktpa. More than 90% of this in Indonesia and Malaysia; two projects alone represent nearly half of this capacity. To date, 6% of the capacity in the pipeline has reached final investment decision (FID).Indonesia, Malaysia and…
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Global Energy Review 2025 Global trends
…percentage points to the 2.2% growth. Despite this, energy demand grew more slowly than the global economy, which expanded by 3.2% in 2024, close to its long-term average. Electricity demand grew more rapidly than both overall energy demand and GDP, increasing by 4.3% in 2024. The absolute increase in demand was the largest ever recorded (excluding the jumps in years when the global economy recovered from recession). This reflects structural trends such as growing access to electricity-intensive appliances like air conditioning and a shift towards electricity-intensive manufacturing, as well as increasing power demand from…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages