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Belarus
Energy policy in Belarus focuses on providing reliable energy while reducing import–dependence, particularly on natural gas from a single supplier. The government is contemplating attractive investment measures and fuel diversification to reduce natural gas consumption and include more coal and renewables into the country's energy mix, while developing local energy sources and introducing nuclear power.
Belarus has also prioritized improving energy efficiency in electricity and heat production and is phasing out subsidies for electricity, heat and gas, which is expected to make the energy sector more market-focused and investor-friendly. Belarus is part of the EU4Energy Programme…- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Renewables 2022 Renewable heat
Recent trends and policy update Heating is the world’s largest energy end use, accounting for almost half of global final energy consumption. Industrial processes are responsible for 53% of the final energy consumed for heat, while another 44% is used in buildings for space and water heating and, to a lesser extent, cooking. The remainder is used in agriculture, primarily for greenhouse heating. The heating sector is largely dominated by fossil fuels, with renewable energy sources meeting less than one-quarter of global heat demand in 2021 (and the traditional use of biomass makes up half this amount).With…
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Rare Earth Elements Executive summary
Rare earth elements have rapidly moved to the forefront of the energy and economic policy agenda Rare earth elements play a crucial role in a wide range of strategic applications, from energy, transport and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to aerospace, medical and defence systems. The wide range of applications, combined with highly concentrated supply chains, has elevated their importance in both energy and broader economic security discussions. Though relatively plentiful in the Earth’s crust, this set of 17 elements have garnered the label “rare” because economically viable concentrations are uncommon and they are seldom found in pure form. Their chemical…
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit The Energy Efficiency Policy Package
The Energy Efficiency Policy Package
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Lithuania
Lithuania has undergone several energy transitions over the past decade. Despite importing a large share of its electricity, the country successfully ended its reliance on Russian energy imports in March 2022. Along with its neighbours, Estonia and Latvia, Lithuania disconnected from the Russian electricity system and completed the synchronisation of its grid with the Continental European Synchronous Area (CESA) in February 2025. By 2030, Lithuania aims to shift from being an electricity importer to becoming a net exporter. Although the country’s energy consumption still depends heavily on imported fossil fuels, the share of bioenergy in the domestic energy supply…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Integrating Solar and Wind in Southeast Asia Executive summary
…reduce import costs, and increase sustainability. The ASEAN Vision 2045 and regional targets place strong emphasis on renewable energy, putting a spotlight on integration measures to ensure its cost-effective and secure deployment. Eight of the ten ASEAN member states have announced carbon neutrality and net zero emissions targets, with many countries already implementing policy measures to scale up renewables, including competitive auctions, direct power purchase agreements and feed-in tariffs. The 2025 renewal of the 5-year ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (APAEC) is expected to reinforce the regional commitment to progress deployment of renewables until 2030…
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Gaining an Edge Policy implications
An integrated policy package is key to deliver value to businesses and the economy Government intervention can help enhance industrial energy efficiency through effective policy packages. To create effective drivers and preconditions for increasing energy efficiency in the industry sector, policy packages combine three main mechanisms, regulation, information and incentives:Regulation is essential to exclude the worst performing equipment and practices from the market, driving greater energy efficiency at both firm and national level. Information improves firms’ awareness and knowledge of their energy efficiency options, highlighting benefits and enabling more efficient choices in energy-related purchases and use. Increased capacity…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Oil
Oil demand growth remained subdued in 2025 Oil demand increased in 2025 by 0.65 mb/d (million barrels per day) or 1.2 EJ, but this 0.7% rise marked a further slowdown from 2024’s already-muted 0.75 mb/d of growth. The increase in both years was in line with IEA projections. The 2025 increase fell well short of the 2010-19 average annual rise of 1.4 mb/d, offering further evidence of a structural deceleration in oil markets.This slowdown mainly reflected weaker growth in petrochemical feedstock use. Demand for naphtha, liquefied petroleum gas…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Key Questions on Energy and AI Executive summary
The AI and energy nexus continues to evolve rapidly The largest technology companies are contributing to a surge in data centre investment, as their capital expenditure exceeded USD 400 billion in 2025 – and is expected to jump by another 75% in 2026. Capital expenditure of just five technology companies is now larger than global investment in oil and natural gas production. Many jurisdictions are seeing project pipelines accelerate dramatically, although not all projects will come to fruition. Those that are moving forward are doing so at pace: the IEA’s unique satellite-based tracking shows that “artificial intelligence (AI) factories…
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Myanmar
In Myanmar, a steep increase in the share of gas-fired power generation reflects a push to take advantage of its abundant domestic resources. The country however has ample scope to rely on renewables in its electrification strategy.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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