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Zambia
Coal production is set to increase in Zambia, but exports remain limited to trade with neighbouring countries. The country has recently made good progress regarding electrification rates through a large push for mini-grid and off-grid solutions in rural areas.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Rare Earth Elements
Pathways to secure and diversified supply chains The critical role of rare earth elements in strategic applications, ranging from energy technologies and advanced electronics to aerospace and defence systems, combined with their highly concentrated supply chains, has elevated their importance in both energy and broader economic security discussions in recent years. This report assesses the current state of the rare earth elements market, examining demand and supply dynamics and key technological developments. It analyses the full value chain from mining to permanent magnet production, evaluates vulnerabilities across supply chains, and highlights the implications of potential supply disruptions. Based on these…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Production prospects to 2030
…demand in existing industrial applications, and scaling up supporting infrastructure such as CO₂ transport and storage networks and hydrogen pipelines. A further 7 Mtpa has moderate potential but will require intensified policy efforts to secure offtake in emerging sectors (such as steelmaking, maritime shipping and aviation), and to provide concessional finance to projects under development in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs), where regulatory frameworks remain nascent and access to capital is particularly challenging. However, more than half of the potential production in the pipeline has low potential or is uncertain to be operative by 2030. Almost half of these projects…
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 3. Saudi Arabia’s first green full-process heavy plate mill project
…operations by the end of 2026. With an annual capacity of up to 1.5 million tonnes, the plant will supply domestic industries and export to the wider Gulf and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.A key feature of the project is its low-carbon production route. The plant will use a natural gas-based direct reduced iron (DRI) furnace and an electric arc furnace (EAF), targeting up to 60% lower CO₂ emissions compared with the traditional blast furnace route. The DRI unit is designed to be hydrogen-ready without major equipment changes, enabling emission reductions of up…
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Recent insights from methane emissions studies
Advances in measurement and data processing Methane detection has improved markedly in recent years by making better use of existing satellite arrays and launching new devices, improving airborne instrumentation and calibration, and deploying tower, stationary and handheld detectors more widely. Overall, detection limits have been optimised, coverage has broadened and observation times have increased. Meanwhile, advances in data processing have enhanced both the speed and the quality of analysis.These advances yield better coverage and sharper insights into the sources and scale of methane emissions. They also confirm that effective methane management requires multi-scale measurement frameworks that combine space…
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Competitiveness
Multiple benefits of Energy Efficiency 2025 Energy efficiency provides multiple benefits. This page explores competitiveness. Why is energy efficiency important for competitiveness? Increasing energy efficiency can improve competitiveness at both the firm level – by reducing costs, improving operations and increasing product value – and at the country level, by reducing the amount of energy required to produce economic output. Key facts Today the world’s industries produce nearly 20% more value added with a given amount of energy, compared with two decades ago. In the industrial sector, energy management can lead to more than 10% in annual energy cost savings within…
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Financing Electricity Access in Africa State of play
…this financing is channelled through government agencies and state-owned utilities. However, utilities across the region face financial pressures due to high operational costs, low tariffs and collection rates, hindering their ability to deliver last-mile programmes and often requiring government budgetary support.Current financing trends reveal a major gap in the availability of equity. Equity investment averaged USD 450 million per year during 2019-2023, and while there has been a gradual annual increase since 2020, it has been concentrated in mature companies and markets, preventing early-stage companies from being able to scale up or fund growth into new projects.
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Energy Efficiency 2024 What is required to scale up energy efficiency investments by 2030?
Governments should develop comprehensive investment strategies tailored to their unique circumstances In the NZE Scenario, investment in end uses such as more efficient buildings, transportation and industry triples from around USD 650 billion per year today to about USD 1.9 trillion per year by 2030. The IEA highlights in its Taking Stock to Taking Action report how a comprehensive approach to energy efficiency action is the most effective way to accelerate progress, with an array of available diverse measures tailored to each country’s specific circumstances. In emerging economies, where many people are getting access to new modern accommodation and appliances for…
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Denmark
Denmark has been an early leader in decarbonisation and in 2022 the government announced a net zero by 2045 target, aiming at 110% emissions reductions by 2050. Denmark’s technology leadership is important in the areas of offshore wind, biomethane and district heating. The government has expanded these categories to adopt a strategic focus on carbon capture and storage (CCUS) and hydrogen. The government has a robust energy and climate governance under the Danish Ministry of Climate, Energy and Utilities and ‘the year wheel’ of Climate Act of 2020 ensures annual policy actions and funding. Among IEA countries, Denmark has…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa Executive summary
…harmful smoke and spending hours in search of fuels such as firewood or animal waste. Since 2010, almost 1.5 billion people in Asia and Latin America gained access to modern cooking stoves and fuels, halving the number of people without clean cooking in the span of fifteen years. These efforts relied largely on major government initiatives to provide clean cooking, with around three quarters of those gaining access doing so through liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), 17% from electricity, and 5% from other clean cooking solutions. In sub-Saharan Africa, however, the number of people without access has continued to grow…
