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COP28 Tripling Renewable Capacity Pledge 2025: Update Key Findings
New Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) show limited reflection of the pledge to triple global renewable capacity by 2030 agreed at COP28 Between COP28 and the end of COP30, only about two-thirds of NDCs have been updated (128) and fewer than half of these (53) explicitly reference the global tripling goal. Even fewer (32) contain quantifiable renewable capacity ambitions for 2030. NDCs continue to under-represent current government ambitions for installed renewable capacity by 2030 The NDC 3.0 round does not fully capture countries’ 2030 renewable capacity ambitions in all submitted NDCs. Including 2030 ambitions from previous NDC cycles, total…
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Energy Security
The IEA has been at the heart of international energy security for 50 years – working to avoid, mitigate and manage energy disruptions and crises. While the Agency’s mandate initially centred on oil security, its work has since broadened to include the security of natural gas, electricity and clean energy supply chains.Threats to energy systems are constantly evolving. The IEA continually monitors and analyses these threats, including geopolitical risks, cyberattacks on energy infrastructure, supply chain disruptions and extreme weather events. On 24 and 25 April, 2025, the IEA convened an International Summit on the Future of Energy Security, hosted by the…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in heavy-duty electric vehicles
Electric bus and truck sales The electric bus market continued to expand, backed by increasingly favourable economics Electric bus sales grew by 30% in 2024Global sales of electric buses reached more than 70 000 in 2024, driven by renewed growth in China. Sales outside of China increased by just 5% in 2024, although they have almost tripled compared to 2020. As electric bus sales have increased in a range of countries, China’s share of global sales has fallen from around 99% in 2017 to less than 70% in 2024. Although electric bus sales in China generally declined from 2017 to…
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Global Energy Review 2025 Global trends
Energy demand accelerates, with electricity leading the way Different elements of the world’s energy system saw very different rates of growth in 2024, reflecting both the impact of short-term factors and deeper structural trends. Global energy demand grew by 2.2% in 2024, a notably faster rate than the annual average of 1.3% seen between 2013 and 2023. This uptick was partly due to the effect of extreme weather, which we estimate added 0.3 percentage points to the 2.2% growth. Despite this, energy demand grew more slowly than the global economy, which expanded by 3…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages
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Brazil 2025 Executive summary
Brazil has positioned itself as a leader in the global energy transition. Its vast renewable energy resources, strong biofuels sector and ambitious climate commitments offer distinct advantages in the low-carbon economy. The country has introduced a comprehensive National Energy Transition Policy (PNTE) aimed at achieving net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050, supported by the Energy Transition Plan (PLANTE) and the Energy Transition Forum (FONTE). In 2024, the country also launched the Low-Carbon Hydrogen Law, the Brazilian Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading System Law, the Fuel of the Future Law and the Energy Transition Acceleration Program, further boosting momentum…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2026 Road transport
Road transport
- Executive summary
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
- Steel
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+ 3 pages
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What Next for the Global Car Industry Policy and strategic actions
Highlights As global electric car markets grow, countries that are home to car manufacturing operations are faced with the challenging task of ensuring that the industry retains its domestic footprint and international revenues, or even expands downstream to become a larger supplier of final products that add more value to the economy. Among other factors, uncertainty about the pace of electrification and the cost gap with Chinese production mean most countries face tough choices as they pursue near- and long-term strategies to boost industrial competitiveness.Where the car industry aims at pursuing electrification strategies, there are public and private…
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Leo Varadkar
Prime Minister. Leo Varadkar became Prime Minister of Ireland in June 2017. He has been a member of Ireland’s parliament, the Dáil, since 2007 and previously held several ministerial positions, including Social Protection, Health, and Transport, Tourism and Sport.Mr Varadkar recently led the Irish Government in the development of an ambitious new Climate Action Plan with strong targets for energy efficiency, renewables and emissions reduction.
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Energy and Gender
It comprises a number of senior officials from IEA Member countries, facilitating the exchange of best practices on gender equality and inclusion and gender mainstreaming across the energy sector. Women are vital energy consumers, producers and decision-makers who make a crucial contribution to global energy security and energy transitions. Building a more secure, fair and equitable energy future hinges on their active participation.Recognising this, the IEA’s Member countries have asked the Agency to focus on key issues at the nexus of energy and gender, from improving gender data collection to expanding analysis of the gender dimensions of…
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Integrating Distributed Energy Resources in China Executive summary
Rapid DER expansion creates new considerations for China’s distribution networks China is experiencing an unprecedented boom in distributed energy resources (DERs), including rooftop solar photovoltaics, battery storage, electric vehicles (EVs) and flexible electric loads. Typically located behind-the-meter, these small assets can deliver significant benefits to China’s power system if efficiently integrated, including enhanced flexibility, strengthened electricity security and lower system costs. Driven by declining technology costs and supportive national programmes, DER deployment has accelerated across rural communities and commercial and industrial buildings. By 2024, distributed photovoltaics (DPV) accounted for 40% of the country’s total solar…
