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Global Energy Review 2025 Natural gas
…growth in 2024. Global gas demand reached a new all-time high, with over three-quarters of growth coming from emerging market and developing economies. Preliminary data indicate that gas demand increased by 2.7%, or 115 billion cubic metres (bcm) (equivalent to around 4 EJ) in 2024. This was above the around 2% annual average growth rate from 2010 to 2019 and well above the rate of around 1% between 2019 and 2023, amid the Covid pandemic and global energy crisis. Emerging market and developing economies in Asia accounted for around 40% of additional gas demand in 2024 on…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages
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Kenya 2024 Executive summary
Kenya has put in place significant energy policies and strategies, and with strong institutions and ambitious targets, the country is well-positioned to reach its energy goals and continue its economic growth and development.As the largest economy in Eastern Africa and a regional leader in energy development, Kenya has made remarkable progress in increasing the rate of access to electricity among its population, putting the country on track to reach universal access to electricity by 2030. Kenya has set an ambitious target in its Vision 2030 of becoming a newly industrialising middle-income country with a high quality of…
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Pledges to Progress 2025 Executive summary
…these ambitions are more important than ever to reduce energy waste and mitigate the harmful consequences of climate change.To support accountability and transparency, the International Energy Agency (IEA), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO) and the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) set out a framework of 25 metrics to assess and track the efforts reported by the oil and gas industry to achieve the goals set out in the OGDC. The framework is detailed in the 2024 report Turning Pledges into Progress.This progress report is the first assessment of the largest 116 oil and gas companies…
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Electricity 2026 Grids
…and wind, 1-3 years for data centres, and 1-2 years for EV charging infrastructure. At the same time, prices for key grid components have nearly doubled over the past five years. While ramping up investment in the construction of new grids is crucial and needs to accelerate, significant additional hosting capacity can be unlocked in the near term by using existing grids more efficiently. This is especially relevant, as grids are built to serve peak demand, but often have substantial unused capacity during non‑peak periods.Complementary measures, such as grid‑enhancing technologies and regulatory adjustments, can unlock near‑term grid capacity, delivering…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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World Energy Outlook 2022 The global energy crisis
…recasting of the energy trade and investment landscape in profound ways. It has already prompted a host of measures aimed at strengthening energy security, including support to build domestic production capability in key sectors.One key question is whether today’s crisis will lead to acceleration in energy transitions, or whether a combination of economic turmoil and short-term policy choices will slow momentum. On the one hand, high fossil fuel prices and record levels of emissions offer strong reasons to move away from reliance on these fuels or to use them more efficiently. On the other, energy security concerns…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Trends in other EV modes
…reached total cost of ownership (TCO) parity with diesel trucks in certain cases after 5 years of ownership. Strong policy measures from the government further incentivised growth: the renewed scrappage scheme offered owners up to around USD 20 000 to replace older trucks (i.e. trucks compliant with China IV emissions standards or earlier pollutant emissions standards) with cleaner trucks – either new energy vehicles or conventional trucks that meet China VI emissions standards. The subsidy is sufficient to cover around 20-50% of the average electric truck price premium in China. Decarbonisation targets for heavy industry have also strongly supported the switch to electric trucks…
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 1. Uzbekistan 1-GW Solar PV Project
…In February 2023, CEEC signed a memorandum of understanding with the Uzbekistan Energy Ministry and committed to developing a total of 2-GW of solar power in Uzbekistan. As part of its commitment, a 1-GW solar photovoltaic (PV) complex project, consisting of two 500-MW solar farms, was built in the Bukhara and Kashkadarya regions, with two farms developed largely in parallel. The first 400 MW entered commercial operation in December 2023, and the remaining 600 MW was commissioned in June 2024. Energy China acted as developer and sponsor, implementing the project through a fully owned local project company…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry The importance of the growth in EV sales for the car industry
…nickel-based batteries because of their superior energy density, Chinese manufacturers succeeded in advancing lithium iron phosphate (LFP) chemistries, which rely less on critical minerals and are therefore cheaper. By 2024, all OEMs either sold or planned to sell cars with LFP batteries, though China maintains a near-monopoly on the technology.The automotive industry spent around 5% of its revenues on R&D in 2015-2023. Although Chinese OEMs on average invested significantly less, spending only 2% of revenues on R&D in 2016, investment has risen in recent years and accounted for 5% of their revenues in 2024.
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Global Energy Review 2026 Oil
Oil demand growth remained subdued in 2025 Oil demand increased in 2025 by 0.65 mb/d (million barrels per day) or 1.2 EJ, but this 0.7% rise marked a further slowdown from 2024’s already-muted 0.75 mb/d of growth. The increase in both years was in line with IEA projections. The 2025 increase fell well short of the 2010-19 average annual rise of 1.4 mb/d, offering further evidence of a structural deceleration in oil markets.This slowdown mainly reflected weaker growth in petrochemical feedstock use. Demand for naphtha, liquefied petroleum gas…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Household Energy Affordability Executive summary
…still around 4% higher in real terms in 2024 than they were in 2019. Household energy bills soared in many parts of the world as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic and Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, which introduced a period of extreme volatility and a sharp run-up in prices. At the peak of the crisis in 2022, bills rose 16% year-on-year. This fuelled inflationary pressures and pushed energy affordability to the top of the political agenda. For most households around the world, energy is the third-largest expense after food and…
