• Country

        Zimbabwe

        Zimbabwe holds large coal reserves and production is set to increase. The country has also significantly untapped its hydropower potential, even though the share of hydropower generation is gradually decreasing.

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        • Country report

        • Mar 2025

        Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap

        Ukraine’s energy sector has been severely affected by the Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion. The power sector went from having a large capacity surplus before the war to a power deficit in 2024 due to Russia’s attacks. This has focused attention on energy security and restoring the reliability of supply. Hydrogen demand from conventional applications in refining and ammonia has also plunged, falling 80%, with most of these assets in southern Ukraine, where the frontline and occupied areas are located. Overall economic damage from the war has been extensive, with reconstruction costs previously estimated by the World…

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        • Flagship report

        • Apr 2026

        Global Energy Review 2026 Coal

        …in solar PV and wind generation, increased hydropower output and growth in nuclear power. As a result, coal electricity generation in China declined by around 1.5% in 2025, falling for only the second time since the 1970s. Coal use in energy-intensive industry in China also declined as steel and cement output shrank by 4% and 7%, respectively. However, these declines were largely offset by an increase in demand for coal for the production of plastics and the chemical sector.In parallel, the commissioning of coal power plants in China accelerated significantly in 2025, reaching almost 80 gigawatts (GW…

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        • Country

        Mauritius

        The energy mix in Mauritius is dominated by coal and oil. Almost 10% of the country's final energy consumption is generated by modern renewable sources of energy – a share that has gradually decreased for the past 20 years.

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        • Fuel report

        • Dec 2025

        Coal 2025 Investments in coal projects and emissions abatement

        …notably in Queensland, Australia. In 2024, BHP and Mitsubishi divested from the Blackwater and Daunia met coal mines and sold them to Whitehaven Coal Ltd, which later sold 30% of its stake in Blackwater to Nippon Steel (20%) and JFE Steel (10%). Stanmore also sold part of the southern section of its Wards Well coal deposit to Peabody in late 2024 and acquired Eagle Downs in August 2024, an asset that is undergoing further development studies prior to construction.In June 2024, Anglo American began the divestment of its met coal assets in Queensland. Zashvin agreed to purchase one-third…

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        • Country

        Saudi Arabia

        Saudi Arabia has moved forward in the implementation of energy efficiency standards on key sectors and end-uses linked to their energy saving potential. These standards are focused on and the transport and building sectors. For example, new buildings are now required to be insulated.

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        • Country

        Iran

        Iran has in place legislation obliging the Minister of Energy to increase the share of renewables and clean power plants to at least 5% of the country's capacity until the end of 2021.

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        • Country

        South Africa

        Coal is the mainstay of the South African energy system, meeting around 70% of installed power generation capacity. The 2019 Integrated Resource Plan however sets out a long-term diversification of the power mix by 2030 and moves towards lightening the carbon footprint of the energy sector while meeting growing energy demand and ensuring a socio-economically just transition. While the options to diversify the country's electricity mix appear diverse, the affordability of electricity supply looms as a key concern and a potential constraint on diversification. The structure of consumption and of spending on electricity is skewed towards higher…

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        • Country

        Slovak Republic

        The key objectives of the Slovak energy policy agenda are: increasing efficiency in the power and end‐use sectors, reducing energy intensity, reducing dependence on energy imports, expanding the use of nuclear power, increasing the share of renewables in the heat and electricity sectors, and supporting the use of alternative fuels for transport. With these sound objectives in place, the government should now focus on the cost‐effective implementation of concrete actions. Mining of coal for electricity production ended in 2023 and an additional nuclear unit was commissioned. The country remains dependent on energy imports from Russia, making energy security…

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        • Report

        • Jun 2025

        Energy security

        Multiple benefits of Energy Efficiency 2025 Energy efficiency provides multiple benefits. This page explores energy security. Why is energy efficiency important for energy security? Energy efficiency can help mitigate energy security risks by reducing the reliance on fossil fuel imports, improving grid reliability, and acting as a buffer to supply shocks. Key facts Efficiency gains from the last two decades avoided the need for 20% more fossil fuel imports in IEA countries. Energy efficiency and demand response can support grid reliability by reducing peak demand. For instance, more efficient air conditioners in India could lower the impact of heatwaves on…

        Energy Security
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