IEA
      • About
      • News
      • Events
      • Programmes
      • Help centre
      IEASkip navigation
          • Energy system Chevron down
            Explore the energy system by fuel, technology or sector
            Oil and natural gas supply

            Fossil Fuels

            Photo depicts a solar panels and windmills in the power plant

            Renewables and Low-Emissions Fuels

            Transport

            Transport

            Tracking industry

            Industry

            Tracking buildings

            Buildings

            Explore all
          • Topics Chevron down
            Understand the biggest energy challenges
            Iran tmo 2008052 lrg, NASA image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response team

            The Middle East and Global Energy Markets

            Electricity security report cover

            Energy Security

            Photo Depicts Abstract Curly Tendrils Against Blue Background Gettyimages 1041976390

            Artificial Intelligence

            Critical Mineral Topic Page Header Image

            Critical Minerals

            Access and Affordability

            Pexels Googledeepmind 17485658

            Energy Innovation

            Investment Topic Page Cover Image Windwills In The Background With Solar Panels At The Foreground

            Investment

            Climate Change

            Thisisengineering X7cls0azgkg Unsplash

            Energy and Gender

            Russias War On Ukraine Topic Page Cover An Empty Train Station In Lviv Urkaine

            Russia's War on Ukraine

            • Investment
            • Climate Change
            • Energy and Gender
            • Russia's War on Ukraine
            • Energy and Water
            • Fossil Fuel Subsidies
            • Net Zero Emissions
            • Saving Energy
            • COP28: Tracking the Energy Outcomes
            All topics
          • Countries Chevron down
            Explore the energy system by country or region
            Member countries
            • Australia
            • Austria
            • Belgium
            • Canada
            • Czechia
            • Denmark
            • Estonia
            • Finland
            • France
            • Germany
            • Greece
            • Hungary
            • Ireland
            • Italy
            • Japan
            • Korea
            • Latvia
            • Lithuania
            • Luxembourg
            • Mexico
            • New Zealand
            • Norway
            • Poland
            • Portugal
            • Slovak Republic
            • Spain
            • Sweden
            • Switzerland
            • The Netherlands
            • Türkiye
            • United Kingdom
            • United States
            Accession countries
            • Brazil
            • Chile
            • Colombia
            • Costa Rica
            • Israel
            • Romania
            Association countries
            • Argentina
            • China
            • Egypt
            • India
            • Indonesia
            • Kenya
            • Morocco
            • Nigeria
            • Senegal
            • Singapore
            • South Africa
            • Thailand
            • Ukraine
            • Viet Nam
            All Countries and Regions
          • DataChevron down
            Use, download and buy global energy data

            Data explorers

            Understand and manipulate data with easy to use explorers and trackers

            Data explorers

            Data sets

            Free and paid data sets from across the energy system available for download

            Data sets

            Policies database

            Past, existing or planned government policies and measures

            Policies database

            Chart Library

            Access every chart published across all IEA reports and analysis

            Chart
            Explore data
          • Reports Chevron down
            Read the latest analysis from the IEA
            • Oil Market Report - June 2026

              Fuel report — 17 June 2026

              Oil Market Report - June
            • Sheltering From Oil Shocks

              Measures to reduce impacts on households and businesses

              Fuel report — 20 March 2026

              Photo depicts Aerial view of heavy traffic on a motorway in Perth, Australia, with a train running along the parallel railway line, several lanes congested with vehicles
            • GettyImages 2157213934

              World Energy Outlook 2025

              Read more

              Flagship report — 12 November 2025

            • The photo depicts a 3d rendered particle trail background. Magic sparkle trail effect. Shimmering waves with light effect isolated on black background. Lines swirl effect. Abstract motion.

              Energy Technology Perspectives 2026

              Read more

              Flagship report — 26 March 2026

            All reports
          • Search
          • Bag
            1
          • User Profile

          Sign In

          You are connecting via IP recognition from
          .

          If you wish to proceed, click on Connect.
          If you prefer to log into your personal account, please sign in below.

          ConnectConnect
          OR
          Error
          Eye
          Error
          Create an account

          Create a free IEA account to download our reports or subcribe to a paid service.

          Join for freeJoin for free
              All content Reports Data & Tools News & Events
              Authors Countries Energy system Newsletters Policies Programmes Sectors Topics
                • Policy

                • Portugal

                • 2024

                Government support for hydrogen and renewable gases

                The Government of Portugal's investment in hydrogen and renewable gases seeks to expand the production of renewable hydrogen and other renewable gases.  

                • Policy

                • Portugal

                • 2024

                Energy efficiency investments

                The Government of Portugal aims to invest in measures related to enhancing the energy efficiency in residential buildings by increasing the number of renovated residential buildings and the production of renewable energy for self-consumption. 

                • Policy

                • Portugal

                • 2021

                Recovery and resilience plan / Climate transition dimension

                This second pillar of Portugal's recovery plan, climate transition, concentrates 18% of the total investments. It contains 8 reforms and 17 investments, divided into the following components (10 to 15); 55% reduction of CO2 by 2030.  10 - Sustainable enhancement of economic activities of the sea: EUR 252 million 11 - Industry decarbonisation: EUR 715 million 12 - Sustainable bioeconomy: EUR 145 millionThis component concerns three sectors: textiles and clothing, footwear, and natural resin. The aim is to promote circular economy practices, the use of biomaterials, and digitalization. 13 - Energy efficiency in buildings: EUR 610 million 14 - Hydrogen and renewables: EUR 370 million 15 - Sustainable Mobility…

                • Policy

                • Portugal

                • 2021

                Recovery and resilience plan / CTD / Hydrogen and renewables/ Energy transition in Azores

                The European Commission endorsed Portugal's recovery plan, as part of the EU Recovery and Resilience Facility. The plan is composed of 20 different components that are structured in three main dimensions: Resilience, Climate transition, and Digital transition.  This initiative is part of the component "hydrogen and renewables" (Component 14) from the climate transition dimension, with a total budget of 116 million EUR.  To support the energy transition in Açores, the following measures are envisaged:- Increase the potential of the installed capacity of geothermal energy and achieve 17 MW:  install a 5MW generator at the Ribeira Grande geothermal power plant…

                • Policy

                • Spain

                • 2021

                EIB loan to co-finance solar photovoltaic in the Iberian Peninsula

                Spain and Portugal from 2021 to 2024 signed an agreement to grant loans worth EUR 100 million in total for solar photovoltaic and onshore wind projects on the Iberian Peninsula, with the European Investment Bank (EIB). The project is expected to support the installation of some 430 MW of new renewable energy capacity, equivalent to the annual energy use of more than 200 000 households. 

                • Policy

                • Portugal

                • 2016

                Incentives for Bike sharing at Universities including electric Bikes (U-Bike)

                The U-Bike Portugal Project aimed at promoting sustainable mobility, particularly cycling, in academic communities.

                 

                The Institute for Mobility and Transport is the public agency that coordinated the project and defined the rules and monitoring procedures to assess the outcomes of it.

                 

                Public higher education institutions were able to apply for POSEUR financing (Programa Operacional Sustenibilidad e Eficiencia No Uso de Recursos) for the acquisition of a fleet of electric and conventional bicycles. The incentive did not cover other interventions, so public institutions had to apply for additional funding for those purposes.

                 

                The applications were sorted out according to the…

                • Fuel report

                • Dec 2025

                Oil Market Report - December 2025

                The IEA Oil Market Report (OMR) is one of the world's most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights Global oil demand is set to rise by 830 kb/d in 2025 amid an improving macroeconomic and trade outlook. These brighter prospects extend to our 2026 forecast, which we have upgraded by 90 kb/d, to 860 kb/d y-o-y. Gasoil and jet…

                12 December
                • Fuel report

                • Jul 2025

                Oil Market Report - July 2025

                The IEA Oil Market Report (OMR) is one of the world's most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights World oil demand growth is forecast to increase by 700 kb/d in 2025, its lowest rate since 2009, with the exception of the 2020 Covid year. Annual growth eased from 1.1 mb/d in 1Q25 to just 550 kb/d in 2Q25, with emerging…

                07 July
                • Technology report

                • Apr 2026

                Critical Mineral Traceability for Energy and Economic Security

                Amid rising risks linked to the high concentration of critical mineral supply chains, the ability to track where minerals originate, how they move through supply chains, who has custody of them and how they are transformed is increasingly important for policymakers seeking to create diversified and responsible supply chains.This report provides insights from a first-of-its kind survey on traceability conducted by the IEA and OECD. More than 80 respondent companies active across supply chains of the six focus minerals (copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and rare earth elements) provided results between October and December 2025. Drawing on…

                • Executive summaryExecutive summary
                GettyImages 1060659366  Critical Mineral Traceability for Energy and Economic Security
                • Fuel report

                • Dec 2025

                Coal 2025

                Analysis and forecast to 2030 Coal is a cornerstone of electricity generation in many countries as well as the single largest source of carbon dioxide emissions globally, placing it at the centre of international dialogues on energy. At a time of uncertainty and change for energy systems around the world, a range of different trends could shape coal markets in the years ahead.On the one hand, recent policy changes supporting coal could drive consumption higher, as could surging electricity demand in economies across the world, since two-thirds of global coal use today is for power generation. On the…

                • Executive summaryExecutive summary
                • DemandDemand
                • SupplySupply
                • TradeTrade
                • + 2 pages

                Photo depicts open pit coal mining shutterstock 446818084
              Previous page Prev
              Next Next page

              Newsletters

              The best of the IEA sent straight to your inbox

              Subscribe to newsletters

              Podcasts

              Top energy experts put IEA analysis in context

              Listen to our podcast
              • Understand energy
              • Reports
              • News and commentaries
              • Events
              • Energy system
              • Topics
              • Countries and regions
              • Glossary
              • Explore data
              • Data explorers
              • Data sets
              • Policies database
              • Chart library
              • Energy Statistics Browser
              • IEA essentials
              • About
              • Mission
              • Membership
              • Structure
              • Programmes
              • International collaborations
              • Technology collaboration
              • Training
              • Connect
              • Contact
              • Press
              • Careers
              • Internships
              • Delegates
              • Help centre
              IEA
              © 2026 IEA
              • Terms
              • Privacy
              • youtube
              • linkedin
              • bluesky
              • facebook
              • instagram
              • x (formally twitter)
              Back to top

              Subscription successful

              Thank you for subscribing. You can unsubscribe at any time by clicking the link at the bottom of any IEA newsletter.