-
Energy Technology Perspectives 2026 Energy technology manufacturing and trade
…Higher tariffs and duties on clean energy technologies in the United States have contributed to significant increases in domestic production as a share of demand: 40 and 25 percentage points during 2023-2025 for solar PV modules and battery cells respectively. Production tax credits still in place in 2025 and shifting trade patterns offset around half of the estimated increase in average costs across imports and domestic production. In other major importing regions, average costs of batteries are estimated to have fallen due to lower global commodity prices. The manufacturing project pipeline has contracted across most clean energy technologies since 2024…
-
Gas Market Report, Q3-2025 Executive summary
…fundamentals and foster more robust demand growth in Asia’s price-sensitive markets. Natural gas demand in Asia markedly slowed in the first half of 2025 amid macroeconomic uncertainty and tight supply Following a relatively strong increase in 2024, global natural gas demand grew at a significantly slower rate in the first half of 2025. Preliminary data indicate that natural gas consumption increased by just 1% year-on-year (y-o-y) in the markets covered in this report. This growth was almost entirely driven by Europe and North America, while natural gas demand remained subdued in Asia and…
-
Oil Market Report - July 2025
…forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights World oil demand growth is forecast to increase by 700 kb/d in 2025, its lowest rate since 2009, with the exception of the 2020 Covid year. Annual growth eased from 1.1 mb/d in 1Q25 to just 550 kb/d in 2Q25, with emerging market consumption particularly lacklustre. Global oil demand is projected to expand by 720 kb/d to reach 104.4…
-
Energy Management for Industry Executive summary
…energy use industry is one of the main reasons for this slowdown. This is a result from two factors happening in parallel: first, the stagnation of industrial efficiency, and second, the growth of industrial energy demand. This is the worst possible scenario for efficiency progress. However, there is a clear advantage to investing more resources in industrial energy efficiency. While industry is acknowledged as one of the most difficult sectors to decarbonise, it yields the best results from funding. Energy management can deliver substantial and persistent savings Energy management - the proactive and systematic monitoring, analysis, control, and optimisation of energy…
-
Ensuring a Strong Labour Dimension for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions
…Labour Conference in 2023. The IEA Clean Energy Labour Council presents this paper in order to highlight the importance of a strong labour dimension in clean energy transitions, and to ensure that the transitions are fair, inclusive, and people-centred. The IEA Clean Energy Labour Council shares these policy considerations with international policy makers as well as the G20 and COP30 Presidencies. Clean Energy Transitions: the role of energy workers Workers are at the heart of the energy system, with around 67.5 million people working in the sector in 2023 and an estimated 2 million additional jobs created in 2024. These millions of…
-
Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap
Ukraine’s energy sector has been severely affected by the Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion. The power sector went from having a large capacity surplus before the war to a power deficit in 2024 due to Russia’s attacks. This has focused attention on energy security and restoring the reliability of supply. Hydrogen demand from conventional applications in refining and ammonia has also plunged, falling 80%, with most of these assets in southern Ukraine, where the frontline and occupied areas are located. Overall economic damage from the war has been extensive, with reconstruction costs previously estimated by the World…
-
Transport
Transport
-
Financing the Modernisation of Power Systems Beyond Coal
The role of transition credits in Southeast Asia Coal is a central component of power systems in Southeast Asia, even as governments have committed to reducing coal‑related emissions. Rapid electricity demand growth, alongside coal’s role in system adequacy, reliability and energy security, complicates efforts to accelerate coal transitions. Recent volatility in international gas markets has reinforced the short‑term economic and security value of existing coal assets, adding complexity to national transition strategies. The region’s young coal fleet also implies substantial long‑term emissions if plants continue operating at current utilisation rates.Against this backdrop, new approaches are being explored…
-
Oil Market Report - January 2026
…timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights Global oil demand growth is forecast to average 930 kb/d in 2026, up from 850 kb/d in 2025, reflecting a normalisation of economic conditions after last year’s tariff turmoil and lower oil prices than a year ago. A recovery in petrochemical feedstocks demand will be partially offset by a continued slowdown in gasoline gains. Non-OECD countries will…
-
Oil Market Report - March 2026
The IEA Oil Market Report (OMR) is one of the world's most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights The war in the Middle East is creating the largest supply disruption in the history of the global oil market. With crude and oil product flows through the Strait of Hormuz plunging from around 20 mb/d before the war to a trickle currently, limited capacity…
