-
Financing the ASEAN Power Grid Executive summary
…are prone to supply shocks, as witnessed during the 2022-2023 global energy crisis which caused regional subsidies for fossil fuel consumption to soar. Optimising both variable renewable and flexible resources across countries requires a strong degree of trust, regulatory and technical co-ordination, robust business models, harmonised arrangements for cross-border trade, and substantial investment; but if achieved, it could benefit consumers through lower electricity costs and governments through enhanced energy security. Regional power trade is nascent today despite the first projects dating back over five decades Since the first project connecting Lao PDR with Thailand broke ground i...
-
Sheltering From Oil Shocks Road transport fuels
…to the 2026 crisis in the Middle East, several countries have announced measures to encourage working from home. For example, the Philippines and Pakistan have mandated 4-day workweeks for government workers, while Sri Lanka has closed public offices on Wednesdays, and Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam are all actively promoting remote work. Many European governments also encouraged working from home in response to the energy crisis in 2022-23, including through the joint IEA-EU Playing my Part Campaign. For example, France incentivised public officials working from home in 2022, and encouraged private companies to follow this ex...
-
Sheltering From Oil Shocks Air transport fuels
…yield reductions in jet kerosene demand by between 7% and 15%.How governments can enable this: Governments can launch campaigns to encourage companies to limit air travel for work whenever possible. Governments lead by example by limiting air travel for public officials and encouraging more meetings to take place virtually.Policy examples: In response to the 2026 crisis in the Middle East, several governments have limited travel for work by public officials. For example, Thailand has suspended overseas trips for government agencies and state enterprises, while Egypt, Pakistan and Viet Nam have all announced measures to limit public official travel.
-
Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Electric vehicles
…was in part supported by growing imports from China as intense domestic competition pushed Chinese manufacturers to seek export markets. In India, annual sales of all EVs reached a new record of 2.3 million units as electric car sales increased by over 75%. Electric car sales in Southeast Asia more than doubled in 2025, driven by sales in Thailand and Viet Nam. One of Southeast Asia’s largest car markets – Indonesia – also added significantly to the growth, seeing its electric car sales rise by 125%. Electric car markets in Latin America and the Caribbean saw around 70% annual growth…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
-
+ 9 pages
-
Global EV Outlook 2026 Executive summary
…under 10% of car sales, though the end of EV tax credits coincided with a drop in sales at the end of the year. Meanwhile, some emerging markets saw steep increases in electric car sales. In Southeast Asia, annual sales more than doubled to reach a sales share of nearly 20%, led by Viet Nam, Indonesia and Thailand. In Latin America, sales grew by 75%, led by Brazil and Mexico. More than 100 countries recorded electric car sales growth in 2025, and in one-third of these, they represented at least 10% of new car sales. Chinese automakers supplied 60%…
-
Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Southeast Asia’s energy challenges and emerging opportunities
…Measures implemented as of 7 May 2026. FX = foreign exchange. CB = central bank. Interest in nuclear power is growing as Southeast Asian countries look for firm, low-emissions electricity to meet rising demand and diversify power systems. Indonesia, the Philippines and Viet Nam have set development targets, while Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Myanmar are considering nuclear. Nuclear could strengthen electricity security by providing firm power, reducing fossil fuel imports and complementing renewables. However, projects require strong regulatory institutions, skilled workforces, public trust, clear financing models and careful partner choices, since reactor technology, fuel supply and financing arrangements can…
-
Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Executive summary
…a result, fertiliser production costs have increased worldwide, as urea prices doubled between January and May 2026. These pressures have been compounded by rising natural gas prices and export restrictions imposed by major suppliers. Even modest reductions in fertiliser use can lead to declines in crop yields, posing risks to the food supply chain. The risk is particularly acute in import-dependent agricultural economies, such as Morocco, which meets all its demand for ammonia with imports, 40% of which come from the Middle East, or Brazil, Australia, South Africa and Thailand, which meet all their demand for urea with imp...
-
Global EV Outlook 2025 Executive summary
…sales shares in Thailand and Viet Nam. In Brazil, the largest car market in Latin America, electric car sales more than doubled to 125 000 in 2024, reaching a sales share of over 6%. Sales in Africa also more than doubled, too, mostly thanks to growing sales in Egypt and Morocco, though electric cars still represent less than 1% of total car sales across the continent. Policy support and relatively affordable electric car imports from China played a central role in increasing sales in some emerging electric vehicle (EV) markets, accounting for 85% of electric car sales in both Brazil and Thailand…
-
World Energy Investment 2025 Southeast Asia
…accelerate. Achieving orderly and just energy transitions would require a combination of financial approaches to scale up clean energy and reduce reliance on fossil fuels, especially the managed phase-out of coal-fired power plants with transition finance. Southeast Asia is playing a growing role in clean energy manufacturing supply chains. In 2023 Viet Nam, Thailand and Malaysia were the world’s largest solar PV manufacturers after China. Further, the region holds rich reserves of critical minerals. Indonesia produces more than 60% of the world’s nickel, attracting over USD 50 billion of investment in greenfield mining between 2014 and 2023, over…
-
Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Southeast Asia
…existing ammonia demand to enable economies of scale in low-emissions ammonia production. Indonesia and Malaysia also have this potential for methanol production. State-owned enterprises provide an opportunity to decarbonise current hydrogen uses.Use of hydrogen for steel production could create an opportunity for Indonesia and Viet Nam, which are home to most of the region’s steel production and iron ore reserves, and for the Philippines and Thailand, which rely heavily on steel imports to meet demand. Hydrogen-based steel could contribute to satisfying the expected regional steel demand growth, but faces competition from China. In the maritime sector…
