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National Climate Resilience Assessment for Algeria
Algeria’s energy system already faces significant disruption due to extreme weather events. Critical infrastructure has been impacted in recent years by flash floods, drought-induced wildfires and heatwaves. With the climate projected to warm more rapidly than the global average, these risks are likely to intensify. Proactive measures to enhance the resilience of Algeria’s energy system could offer substantial benefits.Algeria has experienced significant warming, averaging 0.49 °C per decade from 2000 to 2023 and exceeding the global average of 0.37 °C per decade. Temperatures are expected to rise further, reaching up to 5.6 °C above pre‑industrial levels…
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Integrating Variable Renewable Energy in Kenya
Key challenges and strategic priorities Building on its renewable energy success, Kenya is now focused on managing a secure and reliable electricity system. With nearly 90% of the generation mix derived from renewable sources and electricity access rising from 37% in 2013 to 79% in 2025, the country has established itself as a regional leader in energy development.Integrating Variable Renewable Energy in Kenya explores how Kenya can strengthen its power system amid rising shares of variable renewable energy (VRE). The report identifies Kenya’s system to be operating in Phase 3 of the IEA’s VRE integration framework, where…
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The Netherlands
The Netherlands aims to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2050, and numerous measures have been introduced to support achievement of this goal. A competitive auctions process awards subsidies to renewables, hydrogen and carbon capture, based on avoided CO2 emissions. An offshore wind roadmap is driving rapid deployment and aims for 11.5 GW of capacity by 2030, while strong innovation programmes support deployment of key decarbonisation technologies. Electricity from solar has experienced an impressive growth, with the Netherlands ranking among the top countries in the world for installed PV capacity per capita. The Netherlands will need to closely monitor…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Energy and AI Energy supply for AI
Global electricity supply to meet data centre demand Global electricity generation to supply data centres is projected to grow from 460 TWh in 2024 to over 1 000 TWh in 2030 and 1 300 TWh in 2035 in the Base Case. Over the next five years, renewables meet nearly half of the additional demand, followed by natural gas and coal, with nuclear starting to play an increasingly important role towards the end of this decade and beyond.Coal, with a share of about 30%, is the largest source of electricity, though this varies significantly by region, with the highest contribution found in China. Renewables – primarily wind…
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Italy
Italy aims for carbon neutrality by 2050 and is on track to reach its 2030 targets for emissions reductions and energy efficiency, aiming to reach 30% of renewables in total energy consumption and 55% of renewables in electricity generation. The country has experienced notable growth in the renewable energy sector and has successfully integrated large volumes of variable renewable generation. Natural gas is a major source for electricity and heating, therefore Italy has strengthened its energy security by diversifying natural gas supply, making use of the pipeline and LNG infrastructure that it has built up over the last decade. Reducing…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Oil 2025
Analysis and forecast to 2030 Global oil markets have so far had a turbulent 2025. Heightened trade tensions and uncertainty have weighed on the world economy and, by extension, oil demand growth. Combined with the recent OPEC+ decision to accelerate the unwinding of oil production curbs that have been in place for several years, these factors have recently pushed international oil prices to four-year low in April and early May. At the same time, shifts in energy policies are affecting oil producers and consumers alike, with oil supply security remaining high on the international energy policy agenda.Oil 2025…
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Electricity Market Design
Building on strengths, addressing gaps Electricity markets play a central role in balancing supply and demand, guiding operational decisions and shaping investment outcomes. As systems change with higher shares of variable generation, greater decentralisation and evolving patterns of electricity use, the ability of market designs to deliver secure and affordable electricity has never been more critical. If market arrangements do not keep pace with these developments, the functioning of electricity systems could become more uncertain and more costly.This report provides a cross-regional assessment of how wholesale electricity markets and their complementary policy mechanisms are performing today. We find…
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Energy Transition Review for Enhancing Co-operation
The Philippines’ power sector This report is part of ongoing IEA collaboration with Asia Zero Emission Community (AZEC) partners to better understand the particular challenges these partners face in their energy transition and to provide a platform for co-operation among the AZEC partners. The report seeks to build a shared understanding of the challenges and opportunities facing the Philippine power sector, and to identify practical pathways that can help to strengthen its energy security, improve affordability and enable the country to achieve its long-term clean energy goals.This review has been prepared in collaboration with the Department of Energy…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Current Policies Scenario
Expanding the world we know Total final consumption rises in the Current Policies Scenario (CPS) by around 1.3% each year over the next decade, similar to the average annual increase over the last decade: global industrial output, appliance ownership and demands for mobility all increase, while energy efficiency gains are modest. Demand for oil rises to 113 million barrels per day by 2050, mainly due to its increased use in emerging market and developing economies for road transport, petrochemical feedstocks, and aviation. Electric vehicle (EV) uptake stalls in regions lacking strong policy support: China and Europe are the main exceptions…
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India
Energy demand in India is growing rapidly with major implications for the global energy market. The Government of India has made remarkable progress in providing access to electricity and clean cooking while implementing a range of energy market reforms and integrating a high share of renewable energy sources into the grid. India, with a population of 1.36 billion and a fast growing economy, has seen its energy demand increasing rapidly as the country continues to urbanize and the manufacturing sector develops. This growing demand is met through various energy sources, with coal set to remain the largest source of…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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