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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies
Evolving institutions, instruments and implications for clean energy transitions Global energy investment exceeded USD 3.3 trillion in 2025, but capital flows remain uneven. Emerging market and developing economies (EMDE) outside China attracted just 27% of total energy investment and 18% of clean energy spending, despite accounting for nearly two-thirds of the global population and the bulk of future demand. Addressing this imbalance requires mobilising more capital from diverse sources into EMDE energy systems.China continues to play a central role in global energy investment flows because of its large domestic investments and its large external capital spending on energy. Since…
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Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report, 2026
This report is published by the SDG 7 custodian agencies, the International Energy Agency (IEA), the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the Statistics Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA), the World Bank, and the World Health Organization (WHO), and aims to provide the international community with a global dashboard to register progress on energy access, energy efficiency, renewable energy and international cooperation to advance SDG 7.
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Tanzania
Electricity access in Tanzania increased from around 13% in 2008 to 32% in 2017. The government is supporting the private sector to develop its electricity market, enhancing the role of renewable energy in the energy mix and increasing rural electricity access.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap
…half of Moldova’s final energy consumption, with three-quarters of that used for space and water heating. At the same time, Moldova lacks domestic hydrocarbon resources and imports more than 80% of its primary energy. Heat pump technology offers Moldova an effective means of accelerating the transition in building heating.The recent expansion of Moldova’s solar and wind capacity also means that heat pumps can now play a greater role in cutting greenhouse gas emissions and lowering local air pollution. Finally, Moldovan’s 2024 referendum, endorsing the goal of European Union membership, underscores the country’s commitment to…
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Investment in next-generation geothermal is surging. Policies are key to further growth
…accounting for only about 1% of global electricity demand today.Next-generation geothermal technology developers are seeking to overcome these limits by drilling deeper and harnessing heat from hard-to-reach reservoirs. Operators can either circulate fluid through fractures that have been induced (through what is known as enhanced geothermal systems) or transfer heat to the surface through closed-loop circuits. These technologies are advancing quickly, potentially enabling economically-viable geothermal development nearly anywhere in the world. The IEA’s Future of Geothermal Energy report, published in late 2024, estimated that with continued technology improvements and reductions in project costs…
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Shipping
Shipping
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Global Energy and Climate Model About the Global Energy and Climate Model
…sector-by-sector and region-by-region long-term scenarios across IEA's publications.The GEC Model brings together the unique modelling capabilities of the WEM and ETP models. The result is a large-scale, bottom-up simulation modelling framework with elements of optimisation, allowing for a unique set of analytical capacities in energy markets, technology trends, policy strategies and investments across the energy sector. The IEA’s GEC Model covers 29 regions that can be aggregated to world-level results, and covers all sectors across the energy system with dedicated bottom-up modelling for:Final energy demand, covering industry…
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Energy Management for Industry Executive summary
Energy management programmes help achieve efficiency targets and meet policy objectives Recent global upheavals and uncertainties are putting increasing pressure on businesses around the world. This is prompting governments to look more and more to energy efficiency to promote industrial competitiveness, increase resilience of businesses, protect jobs, reduce strain on grids, and enhance energy security. Providing government-led energy management programmes or policy packages for industry is one of the quickest and most cost-effective ways of ensuring fast and continual energy efficiency implementation. By encouraging and supporting companies to adopt energy management, governments can help ensure energy demand reductions…
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Malta
The National energy policy of Malta was launched in December 2012. It lists decisions and actions that have already been implemented as well as measures aiming to ensure the sustainability of Malta's energy sector.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Lithium
Outlook for key energy transition minerals This report provides an outlook for demand and supply for key energy minerals including copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and rare earth elements. Demand projections encompass both key energy technologies and other uses under different IEA Scenarios. Supply projections are based on a detailed review of all announced projects. They show how today's geographical concentration evolves over time, for both mining and refining and how expected supply compares with primary supply requirements.
