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Energy Efficiency 2025 Executive summary
…up from around 1% in 2024. Preliminary estimates indicate that several key regions are showing some signs of stronger progress compared to their average since 2019. For example, energy intensity progress in 2025 is estimated to be over 3% in the People’s Republic of China (hereafter “China”) and over 4% in India, well above their averages in the years since 2019. In the United States and the European Union (EU), on the other hand, progress in 2025 is set to fall to under 1% after several years of stronger performance following the energy crisis.The world remains off track…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Executive summary
…2024 was the hottest year on record and the first in which global temperatures exceeded 1.5 degrees Celsius (°C) above pre-industrial levels. At the same time, the world remains thirsty for energy. New technologies are entering the system at speed, and renewables set new records for deployment in 2024 for the 23rd consecutive year. Oil, natural gas and coal consumption, and nuclear output, all reached record highs as well. Driven mainly by China, since 2019 demand for coal has grown 50% faster than the next fastest growing fossil fuel, natural gas, a key reason why energy-related emissions…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Current Policies Scenario
…geopolitical constraints remain in place, demand could be met through increased production in other countries, but this would entail increased investment, and would probably also mean higher prices. Electricity demand rises in all countries and regions, with the strongest growth in India and Indonesia, but the push for a much more electrified energy system does not gain broad momentum in the CPS. Solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind are cost competitive in many regions, but deployment faces integration challenges that slow further growth: annual solar PV capacity additions average 540 gigawatts to 2035, similar to the level in 2024. Coal remains the largest…
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COP28 Tripling Renewable Capacity Pledge 2025: Update
…pledge.This report is an update to the 2024 analysis with extended geographical coverage. It reviews all new NDCs submitted until the end of COP30 and quantifies renewable ambitions for 2030. It also examines updated national policies and plans for almost 200 countries from June 2024 to December 2025 to identify how national renewable capacity ambitions have changed since the last report. This analysis benchmarks renewable ambitions in new NDC submissions against national plans. The report also assesses how they both align with the tripling global renewable capacity by 2030 pledge.Renewable Energy Progress Tracker now includes updated data on…
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Renewables for Industry
…immediate and cost-effective opportunities for industrial decarbonisation and diversification of energy sources. Commercially available electric technologies – including heat pumps, electric boilers and resistance heaters – can meet most heat demand in these subsectors.Widespread electrification of low-temperature heat and steam in industry, coupled with increasing deployment of renewable electricity supply, can deliver multiple benefits. In addition to reducing fossil fuel use and associated emissions, it can improve energy security by lowering exposure to volatile gas and oil prices and, when integrated with thermal storage, it can create demand flexibility that helps ensure a higher share of variable renewable generation…
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Global EV Outlook 2025
…EV Outlook is an annual publication that reports on recent developments in electric mobility around the world. It is developed with the support of members of the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI).The report draws on the latest data to assess trends in electric vehicle deployment, demand for their batteries and charging infrastructure. It considers recent policy developments and industry strategies shaping the outlook for electric vehicles in different markets. This edition features analysis of electric vehicle affordability, manufacturing and trade of electric cars and their batteries, and the total cost of ownership of electric heavy-duty trucks across various markets…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Implications of CPS and STEPS
…economic output depends directly on electricity, and peaks in demand are rising, exacerbated by periods of extreme heat that push up cooling use. Both scenarios show a more complex electricity system in which the increasing use of electricity underlines the vital and growing importance of electricity security. A new IEA dataset shows that extreme weather events caused operational disruptions to critical energy infrastructure and power outages to 210 million households in 2023. Extreme temperatures driving up peak demand could lead to a loss of two-thirds of planning reserve margins in the worst affected regions, underlining the need for increased climate…
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Clean Energy Transitions Programme 2025
…global analysis, high-level convening and hands-on technical support, the CETP ensures that evidence, policy guidance and practical tools reach those shaping energy strategies on the ground.In 2025, the CETP has supported almost 350 high-level bilateral meetings with policy makers, over 700 workshops and technical exchanges, involving almost 13 000 participants, and 26 capacity-building events with over 1 700 policy professionals on energy efficiency, data and modelling. Additionally, the CETP has produced or enhanced more than 200 reports, policy briefs and data products.Through its three pillars of supporting national transitions, enabling multilateral coordination and providing global analysis…
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Affordability
…and finally fans, particularly in hot locations. As available power increases and electricity becomes more reliable, refrigerators are installed as well. For many products, such as refrigerators, highly efficient models use less than half of the energy of inefficient models. Efficiency can thus lead to improved access to affordable energy services. IEA analysis shows that only 50% of the population in sub-Saharan Africa could afford key appliances when using low efficiency models, while 80% could afford them when using best-in-class models. Need more information? IEA (2024), Strategies for Affordable and Fair Clean Energy Transitions.IEA (2025), Desig...
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Outlook for energy demand
…In 2024, the global fleet of EVs consumed around 180 TWh of electricity, almost 60% more than the previous year. To put this in perspective, 180 TWh is more than the annual electricity consumption of Argentina. At the global level, EVs represented about 0.7% of final electricity consumption in 2024.The stock of EVs is set to more than triple to 2030, but electricity demand could increase more than fourfold, reaching 780 TWh in the STEPS. This is driven by increasing consumption from electric trucks, as well as greater EV uptake in markets where people drive more per year. Total energy demand…