• Policy

        • Canada

        • 2025

        Updated Nationally Determined Contribution

        …perfluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, sulphur hexafluoride, and nitrogen trifluoride.In relation to reduction in methane emissions, the NDC highlights the following initiatives undertaken by Canada:Membership in the Global Methane Pledge, which aims to reduce global methane emissions by at least 30% from 2020 levels by 2030. Founding of the Climate and Clean Air Coalition, which works to reduce emissions of short-lived climate pollutants that cause significant near-term climate change, such as methane.Policies and measures to reduce pollution from the oil and gas sector, including the Methane Regulations, the Clean Fuel Regulations, and a proposed cap-and-trade system…

        • Policy

        • India

        • 2026

        Policy for Exploration of Critical Minerals in New Projects and Recovery of Critical Minerals from Overburden, Dumps and Tailings of Existing Mines, 2025

        …a coordinated approach among various government agencies that have administrative control over coal, non-coal minerals, atomic minerals, and petroleum, with the aim of identifying the location, quantity, and likely availability of critical minerals in all waste dumps, overburden, subgrade dump and tailing ponds in the country and evaluating the recoverability and economic viability of recovering critical minerals from there.For this purpose, the policy sets out Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) consisting of standardised methodologies of sampling, analysis, and data reporting for identifying associated minerals:During exploration of all non-coal minerals (Appendix I), coal and associated rocks (Appendix II)…

        • Policy

        • People's Republic of China

        • 2024

        Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of a Waste Recycling System

        …challenge of waste management across industrial, agricultural, and urban sectors, establishing specific targets for waste utilisation and recycling industry development.The framework sets the following targets for 2025, including: an established waste recycling system covering all fields and linkspositive progress in the recycling of major wastes4 billion tons in annual utilisation of bulk solid wastes such as tailings, fly ash, coal gangue, smelting slag, industrial by-product gypsum, construction waste, and strawthe recycling rate of new bulk solid wastes will reach 60%450 million tons in annual utilisation of major renewable resources such as scrap steel, scrap copper, scrap aluminum…

        • Policy

        • South Africa

        • 2025

        Critical Minerals and Metals Strategy of South Africa

        …transition technologies (EVs, batteries, hydrogen, renewables).Creating jobs, fostering innovation, and building skills.Ensuring environmental sustainability, social inclusion, and good governance in mining and processing. Strengthening cross-border mineral value chains and trade partnerships within Africa.The strategy identifies 21 critical minerals, grouped by criticality. High-criticality minerals include platinum group metals (PGMs), manganese, iron ore, coal, and chrome. Moderate to high priorities include vanadium, rare earth elements, and gold, while moderate priorities cover lithium, cobalt, nickel, copper, and titanium. These minerals are considered critical because they underpin South Africa’s economic growth, enable global decarbonisation technologies, support strategic sectors…

        • Policy

        • People's Republic of China

        • 2016

        National Plan for Mineral Resources (2016-2020)

        …protection. It is the blueprint for China's mineral resources management reform and mining economic development from 2016 to 2020.  To do this, the Plan classifies four types of minerals and the strategic objectives for each classification, namely:to encourage exploration of minerals in short supply to regulate the amount of minerals with traditional advantagesto cut production of minerals with excess capacityto ensure supply of minerals in strategic emerging industries It also created a strategic mineral catalogue listing the following as important minerals:Energy minerals: Oil, gas, shale gas, coal, coal bed methane, uranium;Ferrous minerals: Iron, chromium, copper, aluminium, gold, nickel…

        • Policy

        • South Africa

        • 2011

        A Beneficiation Strategy for the Minerals Industry of South Africa

        The Beneficiation Strategy was enacted to provide a framework to align the sector with the objectives of the New Growth Path published by the government in 2009 which identified mineral beneficiation as one of the priority areas to create jobs. The Strategy selects 10 strategic mineral commodities from which five value chains are prioritised. These include energy minerals and Platinum Group Minerals such as coal, uranium, thorium, iron, steel, pigment and titanium metal production. The policy also seeks to address import-parity pricing especially of steel and heavy chemicals by strengthening economic relationships and expanding infrastructure to support it. To…

        • Policy

        • Germany

        • 2024

        Direct grant for green steel (Stahl-Holding-Saar)

        …Saar's “Power4Steel” project was initially selected as part of the IPCEI Hydrogen. The European Commission approved it as a separate project in December 2023. With the construction of a direct reduction plant and electric arc furnaces at the traditional steel sites in Dillingen/Saar and Völklingen, the companies involved are converting around two thirds of their production from coal-based blast furnace production to hydrogen-based steel production. The new plants are scheduled to go into operation in 2027. The aim is to produce more than three million tons of green steel. Funding notice was issued in January 2024.

        • Policy

        • Japan

        • 2021

        Revised Green Growth Strategy

        The government originally unveiled the growth strategy in December 2020 as part of an action plan for 2050 carbon neutrality. The revised strategy targets to accelerate the country’s shift to EVs, develop carbon-neutral synthetic fuels, and switch to ammonia and hydrogen for fossil use

        It also aims to begin 30% co-burning of hydrogen at gas-fired power plants and mono-burning of hydrogen for power generation, as well as commence 20% co-burning of ammonia at coal-fired power plants

        • Policy

        • Indonesia

        • 2025

        National hydrogen and ammonia roadmap

        The national hydrogen strategy is structured around reducing fossil fuel dependence, accelerating decarbonization, and boosting global competitiveness, with implementation across three phases: groundwork and policy development (2025–2034), scaling and integration (2035–2045), and large-scale deployment post-2045. It supports diverse hydrogen production methods—electrolysis, coal gasification, biogas reforming, and natural hydrogen—and targets sectors like transport, power, gas networks, and industry. Ammonia production includes carbon capture and is aimed at fertilizers, power, and shipping. By 2060, hydrogen demand could reach 3.4–11.8 Mtpa, with supply up to 17.5 Mtpa—30–50% of which could be…

        • Policy

        • Norway

        • 2021

        Enova grants more than 1 billion NOK to three industrial projects

        …283 million), Tizir Titanium & Iron AS (up to NOK 261 million) and Horisont Energi AS (up to NOK 482 million). The first one is a demonstration project for the production of ammonia and fertilizers based on electrolysis from renewable energy; the second one is a demonstration project to use hydrogen instead of coal to reduce ilmenite at the smelter in Tyssedal; the third one will establish ammonia production from natural gas with carbon capture: the plant will produce 1 Mt of ammonia per year and the CO2 must be transported to a future Polaris carbon storage for permanent disposal

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