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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Executive summary
…untargeted – and complicate market adjustments to the disruption. Fossil fuel subsidies in the region were around USD 40 billion prior to the crisis and are set to rise sharply in 2026. Looking further ahead, without structural change, the region’s energy import bill could rise sharply from over USD 80 billion in 2024 to around USD 245 billion by 2035, further increasing exposure to global price volatility. By contrast, if the region were to reach its announced climate pledges, the fossil fuel import bill in 2035 would be around half this level. The challenge is therefore not only to manage…
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Brazil 2025 Executive summary
Brazil has positioned itself as a leader in the global energy transition. Its vast renewable energy resources, strong biofuels sector and ambitious climate commitments offer distinct advantages in the low-carbon economy. The country has introduced a comprehensive National Energy Transition Policy (PNTE) aimed at achieving net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050, supported by the Energy Transition Plan (PLANTE) and the Energy Transition Forum (FONTE). In 2024, the country also launched the Low-Carbon Hydrogen Law, the Brazilian Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading System Law, the Fuel of the Future Law and the Energy Transition Acceleration Program, further boosting momentum…
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Buildings
Introduction Buildings account for about 30% of final energy consumption globally and more than half of electricity consumption. Doubling the global annual energy intensity improvement by 2030 would require buildings to become more efficient rapidly. An integrated policy approach combining regulation, information and incentives is the most effective way to achieve this goal. Regulatory standards such as building energy codes are among the most effective policies to not only boost energy performance and reduce emissions, but also to improve occupants' health, comfort and productivity – while enhancing climate resilience and mitigating energy price fluctuations. Buildings built after a code is introduced can…
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Indicators Handbook for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions Key findings from workshops on challenges and opportunities for tracking progress on just and inclusive energy transitions
Several challenges and opportunities emerged from the seven workshops. These include: Data improvements and digital opportunities Improving the availability of disaggregated data offers new ways to monitor key just transition dimensions.Clean energy programmes and policies can affect groups differently. Indicators tracking their just and inclusive dimensions, therefore, require disaggregated data that allow for intersectional analysis of key socio-economic factors such as gender, age, disability, household tenure, migration status or rural-urban divides. While the availability of disaggregated data remains a fundamental challenge for tracking just transitions across the world, improving it also represents a major opportunity for policymakers…
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Energy and AI Understanding the energy-AI nexus
…contexts. Ultimately, energy demand from AI will depend on, among other factors, the speed and scale of uptake, which in turn depends on AI’s usefulness and impact. The energy sector therefore needs to grapple with the capabilities of AI systems as it considers the outlook for AI adoption. While AI related benchmarks have limitations that necessitate a cautious approach to assessing their implications, they offer a window into the evolving capabilities of AI models that can complement data on real-world deployment. In the energy sector, AI has numerous applications that can improve efficiency, reduce costs and drive innovation…
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Renewables for Industry Executive summary
…broad range of industries that depend primarily on low-temperature heat and steam processes represent roughly 70% of global industrial energy consumption. They span diverse manufacturing activities – from food and beverages to textiles, chemicals, transport equipment, wood products and paper. In 2023, these sectors emitted nearly 3 Gt of direct energy-related CO₂, accounting for half of all direct industrial emissions, although emissions have declined by around 8% since 2013.Industrial energy use is largely in the form of heat and is increasingly being supplied from electricity. Over the past decade, global use of electricity for industrial heat has accelerated…
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Energy Efficiency 2025 Transport
How and where is energy used? Total final consumption in 2024 was over 450 EJ and has grown by around 25 EJ since 2019. Transport accounts for around 30% of global energy demand and have contributed around 10% of the growth in total demand since 2019. Road transport accounts for nearly 90% of total domestic energy demand. The remaining 10% is split between domestic aviation, domestic shipping and rail.In advanced economies, passenger cars dominate road transport demand, accounting for around 65% of the transport energy use. Trucks make up most of the remainder. Buses play a minor role in energy demand…
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Gas Market Report, Q3-2026 Executive summary
…Asia and the Russian Federation (hereafter “Russia”). Non-Gulf LNG production grew by almost 18% (or around 27 bcm) year-on-year during this period, offsetting around three-quarters of the decline in Gulf LNG deliveries during this period. Altogether, global LNG production fell by 4% (or 8 bcm year-on-year) from March to June. To help fill gaps, exporters have adopted measures aimed at boosting LNG supply. In March, the US government authorized the Plaquemines LNG plant to increase its exports by 13% (or 4.6 bcm/year) to both free trade and non-free trade agreement countries…
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Key Questions on Energy and AI Executive summary
…reshape economic growth, innovation and competitiveness and disrupt established industries and jobs.In April 2025, the IEA published its landmark Energy and AI report, which provided first-of-its-kind global analysis on the links between AI and energy. Since then, the field has evolved rapidly: new questions have emerged and new data has come to light. This report builds on the foundation of previous work, providing fresh analysis on key issues. It covers the outlook for data centre electricity demand considering recent market developments; innovations in powering data centres; and the implications of these trends for energy security, affordability…
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Lithuania 2025 Executive summary
…in other European markets. While the NEIS is a crucial guide for the energy policy, it should be implemented in well-defined steps, prioritising actions with clear benefits and low risks.Electricity generation has nearly doubled in the last two years, driven by supportive policy for renewables, but the outlook is uncertain. Lithuania has introduced measures to improve permitting and subsidise investments in renewable electricity generation, which helped drive rapid growth. While this development is positive, the pace is not yet sufficient to meet its 2030 renewable electricity capacity targets of 4.5 gigawatts (GW) onshore wind, 1.4 GW offshore wind…
