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Luxembourg 2026 Executive summary
…Luxembourg’s buildings sector trails other sectors in emissions reductions and would benefit from more targeted regulatory and financial levers to support the low‑carbon transition. Despite strong energy performance standards for new construction, nearly 90% of existing homes rely on fossil fuels for heating and renovation rates remain low. The buildings sector accounted for over 20% of national energy-related GHG emissions, while space heating in the residential sector alone accounted for 13% of emissions in 2024. Heat pump deployment is growing but from a small base, supported by subsidies, tax incentives and advisory services. To complement these financial incentives…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry Timeline of corporate strategies
This infographic tracks the evolution of corporate strategies for electrification and electric car sales from some of the world’s biggest carmakers and pure-play electric car manufacturers.
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Northwest European Hydrogen Monitor 2025 Executive summary
…December 2024, Switzerland released its long-awaited National Hydrogen Strategy, highlighting the importance of developing its hydrogen market so that it is closely integrated with neighbouring markets.Altogether, Northwest European countries have ambition to develop as much as 30 to 35 GW of electrolyser capacity by 2030. However, recent market developments, inflation and cost increases could drive countries to further adjust their targets and/or delay the implementation of low-emissions hydrogen projects. Greater policy attention is required on demand creation Hydrogen demand in Northwest European currently stands at around 3 million tonnes (Mt) per year, making up 3% of total global demand…
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Gas 2025 Executive summary
…added worldwide by 2030, primarily supported by liquefaction capacity expansions in the United States and Qatar. This wave of new LNG production capacity is set to profoundly transform global gas market dynamics. The scaling up of LNG supply will play a key role in enhancing supply security and improving the affordability of natural gas – including in price-sensitive emerging import markets.The analytical framework underpinning the medium-term outlook in this report is structured around a base case, which is complemented by a high case that explores the potential for greater demand response to possible price changes. The base case…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in electric car affordability
…EV prices: other component manufacturing costs, trim levels and carmakers’ pricing strategies also play a significant role. Availability of a wide range of affordable EV models will be key to unlocking mass-market adoption. In 2024, there were fewer BEV models available than ICEV models in the United States and Europe, and the range was skewed towards higher-end models with higher prices. Conversely, in China, the price distribution of available BEV models closely resembles that of ICEVs, with about 40% of available electric models priced below USD 25 000 (against 45% for ICEV models), and more than half below USD 30 000. In 2024…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Regional insights
Diverse priorities, diverse pathways This chapter explores energy sector trends and priorities in countries and regions that cumulatively account for around 90% of the world’s population, GDP and energy demand. Priorities, objectives and national circumstances vary widely between and within regions, but two trends that are visible in most parts of the world are a rise in the electrification of end-uses, and a rise in the share of renewables in electricity generation. Energy trends in advanced economies are shaped by the structure of their economies, and by high average incomes and rates of vehicle and appliance ownership. Overall…
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Global Energy Review 2025 Coal
…has been declining since the strong rebound in 2021 following the end of Covid-19 lockdowns in many countries.The electricity sector continues to drive coal demand, accounting for two-thirds of global consumption. In 2024, global coal power generation grew by nearly 1% to 10 700 TWh, a new high. A key driver was record temperatures, which pushed up electricity demand for cooling (especially with intense heatwaves in China and India). The estimated effect of higher temperatures on coal demand in 2024 covers the entire annual increase in coal use. While coal remains the world’s largest source of power generation…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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Renewables 2022 Transport biofuels
Forecast summary Biofuel use expands in 2022 despite rising costs Global biofuel demand is expected to be 6% or 9 100 million litres per year (MLPY) higher in 2022 than in 2021. Renewable diesel makes up the largest share of this year-on-year expansion, thanks to attractive policies in the United States and Europe. Blending requirements and financial incentives support demand growth in India and Brazil, and Indonesia’s 30% biodiesel blending requirement also boosts biodiesel use in that country. Nevertheless, we have revised year-on-year growth downwards 25% from our 2021 forecast, with price and market developments…
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Financing the Modernisation of Power Systems Beyond Coal Executive summary
…gas markets have reinforced this role, with governments in Southeast Asia increasing coal-fired power generation to maintain electricity supply and manage fuel supply risks.If operated for typical lifetimes and utilisation rates, the existing worldwide coal fleet would emit 330 gigatonnes (Gt) of carbon dioxide (CO2) to 2100 – more than the historical emissions to date of all coal-fired power plants that have ever operated. Countries across developing Asia have added over 1 450 gigawatts (GW) of coal power since 2000. In 2024, the region accounted for nearly three-quarters of global coal-fired power capacity, with around 80% of plants u...
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What Next for the Global Car Industry Executive summary
…2024 and have largely bounced back from their pandemic-related slump. Recent growth has been exclusively driven by sales of electric and hybrid cars, which made up around 30% of total car sales in 2024, while global sales of pure internal combustion engine (ICE) cars peaked in 2017 and have since fallen by 30%. By contrast, electric car sales grew more than 14-fold over the same period, reaching over one-fifth of cars sold globally in 2024. The geography of car markets is also on the move: China and other emerging economies now account for over half of global…