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Energy and Water
…and current trends point to another doubling to 2030. Some 21,000 desalination plants currently operate in about 150 countries, from the United States and China to Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia – though half of global installed capacity is located in the Middle East and North Africa. Renewables can help ease the energy sector's water problem In a scenario in which global energy sector emissions reach net zero by 2050, water withdrawals by the energy sector decline by almost 20 bcm by 2030. The biggest reductions happen in the power sector, where withdrawals fall nearly 15% as coal…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Understanding GEC Model scenarios
…The Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services Scenario (ACCESS) - an additional scenario included for the first time in the WEO-2025 - represents a roadmap to achieve universal access to electricity by 2035 and clean cooking by 2040. The Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario shows a global pathway to reach net zero emissions from the energy sector by 2050 without offsets from other sectors, an emissions trajectory consistent with keeping the temperature rise in 2100 below 1.5 °C (with at least a 50% probability). The scenarios highlight the importance of government policies in determining the future of the global energy…
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Renewables 2021 Renewable heat
…11% in 2020 to 13% in 2026, these investments fall short of containing non-renewable heat consumption. Fossil fuel consumption for heat is forecast to see a 5% increase in heat-related CO2 emissions over the outlook period, equivalent to 0.6 Gt CO2.For comparison, to align with the IEA Net Zero Emissions Scenario, renewable heat consumption would have to progress 2.5 times faster, combined with wide-scale behavioural change and much larger energy and material efficiency improvements in both buildings and industry. Keeping up with ambitions in the IEA NZE Scenario requires much faster policy action globally in...
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World Energy Outlook 2022 The global energy crisis
…a smooth one. That adjustment will also be taking place in the context of commitments made by governments to clean energy transitions. A central theme of this World Energy Outlook 2022 is how the levers of technological change and innovation, trade and investment and behavioural shifts might drive a secure transition towards a net zero emissions energy system, while minimising the potential risks and trade-offs between various policy objectives. Key findings The recovery in global energy consumption that followed the pandemic-induced drop in 2020 ended prematurely with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in early 2022, plunging global energy…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Energy security in energy transitions
…systems co-exist and are both required to deliver reliable energy services. Key findings Synchronise scaling up a range of clean energy technologies with scaling back of fossil fuels. Investing in clean energy is key to avoid future crises while reducing emissions. In the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario, around USD 9 is spent on clean energy by 2030 for every USD 1 spent on fossil fuels. Cutting investment in fossil fuels ahead of scaling up investment in clean energy pushes up prices but does not necessarily advance secure transitions. High fossil fuel prices could make it 10‑25% more expensive for…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for electricity
…is today, 120% higher in the APS and 150% higher in the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario.Recently, coal use in the electricity sector has seen an uptick in many countries in response to strong demand, high natural gas prices and energy security concerns, but this is expected to be temporary. Even in the STEPS, unabated coal falls from 36% of generation in 2021 to 26% in 2030 and 12% in 2050, reflecting renewables growth, led by solar PV and wind. In the APS, pledges including net zero emissions targets in 83 countries and the European Union, are…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for gaseous fuels
…4 400 billion cubic metres (bcm) through to 2050, with growth in emerging market and developing economies offset by declines in advanced economies. In the Announced Pledges Scenario (APS), demand soon peaks and is 10% lower than 2021 levels by 2030. In the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario, demand falls by 20% to 2030, and is 75% lower than today by 2050.Global natural gas demand in 2050 in this year’s version of the STEPS is 750 bcm lower than projected in last year’s version. Half of this downward revision comes from more rapid moves away from unabated natura...
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for solid fuels
…In the Announced Pledges Scenario (APS), it declines about 20% below current levels by 2030, and 70% by 2050; coal demand peaks in China in the early 2020s and in India in the late 2020s. In the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario, demand falls 45% by 2030 and 90% by 2050.There is very limited use of carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) with coal in the STEPS. Around 500 Mtce of coal consumed in 2050 is equipped with CCUS in both the APS and NZE Scenario, corresponding to around 30% of coal demand in the APS and more…
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Renewables 2022 Renewable electricity
…main case, producing nearly 2 950 GW in total additions globally. Globally, the pace of renewable capacity expansion over the forecast period in the main case needs to increase 60% to be in line with the IEA Net Zero by 2050 Scenario. In the accelerated case, however, growth in the next five years (under policies that address challenges and faster implementation of countries’ existing plans) narrows the gap for renewable electricity growth needed to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Overall, China on its own is forecast to install almost half of new global renewable power capacity over 2022-2027, as…
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Energy Efficiency 2024 Executive summary
…improvements in advanced economies slowed, while progress in many emerging and developing economies held steady or slightly increased. Energy efficiency is key to meeting global goals such as moving away from fossil fuels and lowering emissions Energy efficiency progress is crucial for the transition away from fossil fuels. In a pathway aligned with the IEA’s scenario for achieving net zero energy sector emissions by 2050, accelerating energy efficiency improvements can deliver over 70% of the projected decline in oil demand and 50% of the reduction in gas demand by 2030. This oil demand reduction, which would be roughly equivalent…
