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World Energy Outlook 2025 Overview and key findings
…less than 10% of global growth in electricity demand, but this is a larger factor in the United States where a large share of new data centres are located. Today, around 730 million people still live without electricity, and nearly 2 billion rely on polluting cooking methods. As things stand, the world is not on track to close this huge gap in the provision of modern energy. Our new analysis draws on lessons from countries that have achieved rapid progress and outlines a new pathway to universal access, reaching this milestone in 2035 for electricity and 2040 for clean cooking.
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Integrating Distributed Energy Resources in China
…other country in the world, the People’s Republic of China (hereafter, “China”) is witnessing rapid growth in distributed energy resources (DERs), including rooftop solar photovoltaics, battery storage and electric vehicle (EV) chargers. As China advances towards its carbon peaking and neutrality goals, these resources offer a unique opportunity to support a more flexible, efficient and resilient power system, provided their integration is well-managed.This report analyses recent trends in DER deployment across China and highlights the emerging challenges their growth poses for power system planning and operation, calling for renewed attention to distribution grids. It puts China’s…
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Chinese Taipei
The Taiwanese government enacted in the late 2010s the Statute for Renewable Energy Development to reduce CO2 emissions, improve energy diversification and promote green-energy industries. The government is seeking to generate 8% of electricity from renewables by 2025.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
![Chinese Taipei Flag]()
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Lithium
Outlook for key energy transition minerals This report provides an outlook for demand and supply for key energy minerals including copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and rare earth elements. Demand projections encompass both key energy technologies and other uses under different IEA Scenarios. Supply projections are based on a detailed review of all announced projects. They show how today's geographical concentration evolves over time, for both mining and refining and how expected supply compares with primary supply requirements.
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Demand and Supply Measures for the Steel and Cement Transition
…and the larger demand signals that can be created by pooling commitments across borders. This report – produced at the request of the Climate Club yet generally applicable to policy discussions for industrial decarbonisation – offers considerations and options for governments to scale-up markets for near-zero and low-emissions steel and cement, while concurrently reducing reliance on high-emissions materials. It makes the case for why both demand-side and supply-side measures are important to kick-start markets for near-zero emissions materials, summarising progress to date and highlighting gaps that rationalise government action. Key policy options are outlined…
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Lithuania 2025
…was prepared in partnership between the Government of Lithuania and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive knowledge and the inputs of expert peers from IEA Member countries to assess Lithuania’s most pressing energy sector challenges and provide recommendations on how to address them, backed by international best practices. The report also highlights areas where Lithuania’s leadership can serve as an example in promoting secure and clean energy transitions. It also promotes the exchange of best practices among countries to foster learning, build consensus and strengthen political will for a sustainable and affordable energy future. Translation
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Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage
Country and regional highlights
The United States launches a first-of-its-kind purchasing programme for CDR, while funding support and certification efforts emerge in Europe
CO2 capture
Despite increasing awareness around the importance of BECCS for reaching net zero, deployment remains low
Technology installation and infrastructure
Lead times for BECCS projects depend heavily on the application and destination of the CO2
Innovation
Policy
Investment
Investment in BECCS is growing across applications
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Bioenergy
Led by bioenergy, renewable fuels could approach 6% of energy demand from industry, buildings and transport in 2030
By 2030, renewable fuels are set to account for 5.5% of energy consumption from the industry, building and transport sectors. Demand is due to expand in all regions, but it is concentrated in China, Brazil, Europe, India and the United States, which collectively support more than two-thirds of the forecasted growth. All five countries and regions have dedicated support policies for several – and, in some cases, all – renewable fuels. These vary by fuel, sector and country, but they often include…
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Methane Abatement
Global energy-related methane emissions remain near record highs
In recent years, many countries and companies have set targets to reduce methane emissions, with commitments now covering over half of global oil and gas production. However, methane emissions from the energy sector plateaued near record highs in 2025 – revealing a large implementation gap.
Still, there is significant scope for further action. Around 70% of fossil fuel methane emissions in 2025 came from the top 10 emitting countries. Meanwhile, the methane intensity of oil and gas production varies widely across countries – with the best performers scoring more than 100 times better…
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Stepping Up the Value Chain in Africa
…from producing key energy technologies today. In Africa, there are currently only a small number of facilities dedicated to the beneficiation and processing of critical minerals and resources essential for energy technologies and materials, and only a handful of plants for manufacturing such technologies. In light of this, the government of South Africa requested that the IEA provide insights into potential opportunities for sustainable industrialisation in Africa to inform discussions at the G20 meetings in Johannesburg in 2025. This report explores selected elements of these opportunities and presents strategic considerations for countries seeking to diversify and expand their energy technology manufacturing…
