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Brazil 2025
…this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies.This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Brazil and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive knowledge and the inputs of expert peers from IEA Member countries to assess Brazil’s most pressing energy sector challenges and provide recommendations on how to address them, backed by international best practices. The report also highlights areas where Brazil’s leadership can serve as an example in promoting secure and clean energy transitions. It…
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Brazil 2025 Policy recommendations for Brazil
…and efficient way. 16. Reform the electricity retail market to reflect correct and fair pricing of electricity and use of networks, and to jump-start demand response. 17. Reform the distributed PV net metering scheme to address increasing inequalities and serious risks for power system efficiency and stability. Oil and gas 18. Consider more targeted and regionally sensitive upstream policies to incentivise broader participation in exploration and production, and to develop oil and gas in a balanced way for Brazilian society. 19. Incentivise oil and gas companies to allocate a higher percentage of their annual investments into research, develop..…
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Australia
…Net Zero emissions by 2050, while ensuring a just and inclusive energy transition through the guidance of the Net Zero Authority under the Prime Minister’s office. By 2030, the government aims to reach the clean electricity target of 82% of renewable energy. In addition to this target, Australia is implementing a new 2030 critical minerals strategy and gas market reforms to boost energy security during the transition. Flexibility, fuel availability and resilient infrastructure will become even more vital as Australia’s energy system incorporates very high shares of variable renewables and faces more frequent and more extreme weather events.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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Brazil
…80% of domestic electricity generation, making the Brazilian electricity mix one of the cleanest in the world. Continued expansion of hydropower is increasingly constrained by the remoteness and environmental sensitivity of a large part of the remaining resource. PV projects (utility scale and distributed) will represent nearly 70% of all additions in the coming years. Reliance on other sources for power generation is also growing, notably natural gas, wind (on-shore and off-shore) and bioenergy. Brazil is a global leader in second generation biofuels and flex-fuel cars provide a large domestic market. Ethanol supply is set to average…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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Brazil 2025 Executive summary
…targeted subsidies for electricity and natural gas. Looking ahead, a key challenge for the government will be to design policy to ensure that the benefits of energy transitions are widespread for all citizens and can be leveraged to accelerate economic opportunities and reduce inequalities. As part of this effort, the jobs potential from the energy transition could be considerable, but it is not fully understood in terms of the number of jobs, sectors and skills requirements. A comprehensive jobs planning and workforce mapping exercise would help maximise opportunities, building off successful local programmes. Brazil should also look to identify opportunities…
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Gas Market Report, Q1-2026
…still cause price volatility. Close international co-operation between responsible producers and consumers remains important to reinforce the architecture for secure global gas supplies. The International Energy Agency (IEA) continues to support this process, including through the permanent Working Party on Natural Gas and Sustainable Gases Security (GWP), established in late 2024.This edition of the quarterly Gas Market Report provides a thorough review of market developments in 2025 and an outlook for 2026. The report includes a section dedicated to key policies undertaken in 2025, with a special focus on market reforms introduced in fast-growing markets in Asia.
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Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis
…the world felt the pressures of record-high gas prices, including the scale-back in access to energy, the impediment to economic activity and the extra burden on government budgets. Market responses varied but governments were quick to react as the challenges of security of supply became apparent. Post-crisis, markets must continue to adapt as the effects of the crisis continue to influence security of gas supply. Taking stock of this new situation and how to approach it will be key to improving security of gas supply and enhancing the collective resilience to potential future natural gas market shocks…
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Singapore
…largest gas importer. The country is expanding its existing LNG importing facility and is seeking to become a major LNG trading hub. Singapore’s relatively small import needs raise questions about how quickly the hub would reach sufficient liquidity to operate efficiently, but it is nonetheless well placed to bring Asian LNG buyers and sellers together and has taken a major step forward with the creation of an LNG price index: the “SLiNG”.
Singapore has made important moves towards liberalising its gas market, providing the basis for more competitive price setting. These moves include creating a well-functioning domestic market…- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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Gas 2025
…these shifts, LNG producers and suppliers may need to adapt their medium-term strategies.The Gas 2025 medium-term report from the International Energy Agency (IEA) examines this coming transformation and its consequences, offering a comprehensive overview of potential supply, demand and trade trends in global natural gas markets for the coming years. It provides a thorough review of recent market developments ahead of the 2025-26 winter season in the Northern Hemisphere – and includes forecasts for how supply and demand could evolve to 2030.The report also includes the IEA’s detailed annual assessment of gas supply security, including…
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Regional insights
…monitoring, reporting and verification in that country’s mining sector.All of the region’s major energy producers have signed the Global Methane Pledge, except for Venezuela. Colombia is the only country with an explicit strategy for reducing methane emissions as well as regulations to limit emissions from oil and gas operations. These include explicit technology standards and restrictions on flaring and venting, as well as a requirement for biannual leak detection and repair (LDAR). Brazil is developing regulations to reduce methane emissions from the oil and gas sector, expected by 2026. In its updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), Chile…
