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Manufacturing and Trade Model
…and Trade (MaT) Model was first developed for the 2024 edition of Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP) to produce scenario projections of manufacturing and trade across six key energy technology supply chains. These cover solar photovoltaics (PV), wind turbines, electric cars, batteries, electrolysers and heat pumps. This model is now used to generate detailed sector-by-sector and region-by-region long-term scenarios in IEA publications such as the World Energy Outlook and Global EV Outlook.The MaT model is part of the IEA’s broader modelling framework and is closely linked to the Global Energy and Climate Model (GEC)…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Outlook for electric mobility
…account existing policies and measures, as well as those that are under development. It includes current EV-related policies and announcements, regulations and investments, as well as market trends based on the expected impacts of technology developments, announced deployments and plans from industry stakeholders. The STEPS aims to hold up a mirror to the plans of policy makers and illustrate their consequences. The projections for EV markets in this year’s Global EV Outlook (GEVO-25) are limited to 2030 in the STEPS. As the IEA highlighted in its 2024 edition of Energy Technology Perspectives, energy, industrial and trade policies…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Electric vehicle batteries
…of the global total. In 2024, EV battery demand grew by over 30% in China, and by 20% in the United States, in stark contrast with the European Union, where demand stalled. Battery demand in the United States nearly matched that of the European Union in 2024, in part as a result of its approximately 25% larger battery size per EV. Emerging markets and developing economies other than China continued to represent only a small share of global battery demand, reaching nearly 5% in 2024. Nevertheless, their share has doubled since 2022, underpinned by sustained growth in Southeast Asia, India and Brazil. Outlook for battery…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Outlook for energy demand
…Globally, EVs represent 2.5% of electricity demand in 2030 in the STEPS. Notes: Total electricity consumption is taken from the IEA's Global Energy and Climate Model (GEC-Model). Regional data can be interactively explored via the Global EV Data Explorer. Oil displacement Electric vehicles displace more than 5 mb/d by 2030 Expanding EV adoption continues to reduce oil demand, with oil displacement growing by 30% to over 1.3 mb/d in 2024 – equivalent to Japan’s entire transport sector oil demand today. By the end of the decade, EVs are set to displace over 5 mb…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Trends in other EV modes
…trucks tend to be more cost-competitive. One in four trucks sold in China in 2025 was electricThe majority of global electric truck sales growth in 2025 came from China, where sales more than doubled in 2025, just as in 2024. In 2025, sales of electric trucks surpassed 400 000, meaning China accounted for over 90% of global sales.One in four trucks sold in China in 2025 was electric, as momentum continued to build thanks to operational cost advantages as well as declining battery costs. As highlighted in the Global EV Outlook 2025, battery electric HFTs in China have already…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Trends in electric cars
…Global EV Outlook. The sales share of electric cars in the overall car market increased to 25%. This marked the fifth consecutive year in which annual electric car sales increased by about 3.5 million, a trend that began in 2021 after the Covid‑19 pandemic. As a result, about 5% of the global car stock is now electrified, displacing 1.2 million barrels of oil per day in 2025. In particular, 2025 saw a boost for battery electric cars. The share of battery electric cars in total electric car sales increased to 65%, reversing the trend seen in the 2 years prior. While 2024 saw…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Electric vehicles
Electric car sales increased by more than 20% year-on-year in 2025, rising to 21 million units, with one in four cars sold being electric. This was in line with the IEA’s forecast for annual sales share in the 2025 edition of the Global EV Outlook. Intense domestic competition, attractive prices and the growing availability of different models have supported the rapid rollout of EVs in China, with electric cars capturing more than half of all annual car sales for the first time in 2025. Sales of electric heavy-freight trucks also tripled in 2025, reaching more than…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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Global EV Outlook 2025
Expanding sales in diverse markets Global EV Outlook 2025: Expanding sales in diverse markets The Global EV Outlook is an annual publication that reports on recent developments in electric mobility around the world. It is developed with the support of members of the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI).The report draws on the latest data to assess trends in electric vehicle deployment, demand for their batteries and charging infrastructure. It considers recent policy developments and industry strategies shaping the outlook for electric vehicles in different markets. This edition features analysis of electric vehicle affordability, manufacturing and trade of electric cars and…
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Global EV Outlook 2026
The Global EV Outlook is an annual publication that identifies and assesses recent developments in electric mobility across the globe.Combining analysis of historical data with projections, the report examines key areas of interest, such as the deployment of electric vehicles and charging infrastructure, battery demand, and key policy developments in major and emerging markets. It also considers the implications of growing EV adoption for electricity and oil consumption, as well as greenhouse gas emissions.Amid the ongoing energy crisis sparked by the conflict in the Middle East, this edition includes early monthly data for 2026 and considers potential implications…
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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Demand: Global electricity use to grow strongly in 2025 and 2026
Global electricity demand is forecast to increase by an average annual 3.3% in 2025 and by 3.7% in 2026, a moderation from 4.4% in 2024 but still some of the highest growth rates observed over the last decade. This is a slight downward revision from our previous forecast in February 2025 of 4% growth for this year and 3.8% in 2026. The change is partly due to the IMF's downgrade of the global GDP growth outlook compared with its January 2025 update amid elevated uncertainty surrounding trade tariffs and economic prospects. Despite these downside risks…
