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Brazil 2025
…this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies.This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Brazil and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive knowledge and the inputs of expert peers from IEA Member countries to assess Brazil’s most pressing energy sector challenges and provide recommendations on how to address them, backed by international best practices. The report also highlights areas where Brazil’s leadership can serve as an example in promoting secure and clean energy transitions. It…
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Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis
…the world felt the pressures of record-high gas prices, including the scale-back in access to energy, the impediment to economic activity and the extra burden on government budgets. Market responses varied but governments were quick to react as the challenges of security of supply became apparent. Post-crisis, markets must continue to adapt as the effects of the crisis continue to influence security of gas supply. Taking stock of this new situation and how to approach it will be key to improving security of gas supply and enhancing the collective resilience to potential future natural gas market shocks…
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Gas 2025
…these shifts, LNG producers and suppliers may need to adapt their medium-term strategies.The Gas 2025 medium-term report from the International Energy Agency (IEA) examines this coming transformation and its consequences, offering a comprehensive overview of potential supply, demand and trade trends in global natural gas markets for the coming years. It provides a thorough review of recent market developments ahead of the 2025-26 winter season in the Northern Hemisphere – and includes forecasts for how supply and demand could evolve to 2030.The report also includes the IEA’s detailed annual assessment of gas supply security, including…
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Gas Market Report, Q2-2025
…to work together to reinforce efforts to ensure reliable gas supplies. This will be among the topics addressed at the international Summit on the Future of Energy Security, convened by the IEA, in partnership with the UK Government, on 24-25 April 2025. Beyond the growing complexity of gas supply security both in the short and long term, the decarbonisation of gas and the broader energy system will require the deployment and scaling up of low-emissions gases. Part of the IEA’s Low-Emissions Gases Work Programme, this quarterly Gas Market Report includes a special section on the nascent…
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Delivering Sustainable Fuels
…fuels, innovation to expand production potential, robust and mutually agreed carbon accounting methodologies to ensure that sustainability criteria are met, long-term investment in infrastructure, and more accessible financing, especially in emerging and developing economies.This report was prepared in support of Brazil’s COP30 Presidency and its Climate Action Agenda. It presents a sectoral analysis of global pathways for accelerating the deployment of sustainable liquid and gaseous fuels to 2035. It also summarises cumulative policy experience to date, identifies key technology and infrastructure requirements for scaling up deployment, and highlights resulting benefits that extend well beyond emissions reductions. Finally…
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Prospects for Natural Gas Certification
…such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions performance, water use, local community impacts and worker safety – have been independently verified against defined criteria or benchmarks. In 2024, around 7.5% of global natural gas production was certified, with volumes primarily originating from North America. As certification continues to evolve, opportunities remain to improve consistency, transparency and coverage across the full supply chain. To support further progress, the report outlines potential policy actions for governments to consider –such as international collaboration on harmonisation, setting minimum standards for certification, and exploring ways in which certification could complement emerging regulatory and market frameworks.While…
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Blueprint for Action on Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions
…by G20 leaders in 2024, the Global Commission has provided examples to highlight how energy policies can be designed and implemented to support fairer outcomes. The Global Commission has focused on key aspects of each principle and shared selected policies from around the world to show how these are being addressed in different settings.The 2024 Global Commission, convened by IEA Executive Director Dr. Fatih Birol, is co-chaired by Brazil’s Minister of Mines and Energy, Alexandre Silveira de Oliveira, and European Commission Executive Vice-President for a Clean, Just and Competitive Transition, Teresa Ribera. The commission comprises energy…
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Gas Market Report, Q3-2025
…uncertainties that could affect this report’s short-term forecasts. The conflict between Israel and Iran highlighted the Middle East’s important role in energy security and served as a stark reminder that geopolitical tensions can easily distort a still-fragile global gas balance. This report includes a special section on the Middle East. Meanwhile, global LNG supply growth is set to accelerate in 2026 to its fastest pace since 2019, primarily driven by additions in the United States, Canada and Qatar. Easing supply fundamentals are expected to support stronger gas demand growth, especially in key Asian import markets.
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Assessing emissions from LNG supply and abatement options
…are starting to assess the emissions intensity of oil and gas imports, for example, through the EU regulation on methane emissions and the Coalition for LNG Emissions Abatement toward Net-zero (CLEAN). There has been a large increase in the availability and reporting of emissions data from the natural gas value chain in recent years. However, estimates are still subject to a high degree of uncertainty. This interim report estimates emissions from LNG supply today, based on the latest and best available data including those from scientific studies and measurement campaigns. It covers upstream production and processing of natural gas…
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Electricity Market Design
…how wholesale electricity markets and their complementary policy mechanisms are performing today. We find that short-term markets have continued to operate reliably and efficiently, translating real-time conditions into meaningful price signals even as system complexity grows. Medium- and long-term markets, however, face persistent gaps in liquidity and accessibility, which can make it harder for participants to manage risk and invest with confidence. Complementary mechanisms have become structural features of many systems, helping to support resource adequacy and decarbonisation objectives, but their effectiveness and cost efficiency depends on designs that work in concert with market signals.The analysis…
