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Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report, 2025
…These goals will demand a fundamental shift in energy production, distribution, and consumption, supported by greater investment, enabling policies, continued innovation, enhanced ambition and long-term planning. Addressing uneven progress and regional disparities requires collaboration among governments, the private sector, international organizations, and civil society, including on ensuring access to adequate financing and technical assistance. To foster inclusive transitions, particular attention is required to help women and marginalized communities benefit from the energy transition. Empowering people—especially young people—with the skills and knowledge to engage in the energy sector fosters a forward-looking mindset that is crucial for long…
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Global Energy Review 2025
…demand for electricity rising almost twice as fast as wider energy demand due to higher demand for cooling, rising consumption by industry, the electrification of transport and the growth of data centres and artificial intelligence. Nearly all of the rise in electricity demand was met by low-emissions sources, led by the record-breaking expansion of solar PV capacity, with further growth in other renewables and nuclear power. Gas demand also picked up substantially, while oil and coal consumption increased more slowly than in 2023.CO2 emissions from the energy sector continued to increase in 2024 but at a slower…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages
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Clean Energy Transitions Programme 2024
…as Indonesia and Brazil to advance clean energy policies. In addition to supporting countries at the national level, the CETP contributed to global platforms such as the Conference of the Parties (COP) and the Group of 20 (G20), ensuring that clean energy goals are integrated into international dialogues. The impact of the CETP extends to critical areas like energy efficiency, critical minerals, climate resilience, mobilising investment and reducing methane emissions, which are central to the global energy transition.Through innovation and multilateral collaboration, the CETP exemplifies the IEA's strategy of promoting clean energy transitions that are not only secure and…
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Sustainable Transport for Georgia: A Roadmap
…lives, including both benefits (access to goods and services) and drawbacks (congestion, air and climate pollution, and road injuries and deaths).Since national and municipal policies shape transport technology, infrastructure and operations, the report first examines the country as a whole, followed by Georgia’s largest cities. With road vehicles responsible for more than 98% of domestic transport energy use and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, the focus is on road transport.Opportunities identified include improving vehicle efficiency – particularly by accelerating electric vehicle (EV) adoption – and cutting reliance on inefficient vehicles by reducing unnecessary car travel and shifting to buses, metro…
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies
…linked to uneven availability of concessional or long-tenor finance.This report maps and analyses these changes through an energy sector-level dataset covering 2015 to 2024. It explores how China’s evolving financing model is reshaping instruments, institutions and regional allocation patterns, and also considers the strategic and practical implications for EMDE energy transitions.The analysis is complemented by case studies covering a range of technologies and financial structures – from large-scale renewables and electricity distribution to green industrial projects, waste-to-energy and upstream developments – which show how China’s official actors operate in practice across contrasting markets…
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Sustainable Transport Policy for Armenia: A Roadmap
As a part of the EU4Energy Programme, the Armenia Energy Policy Roadmap on Sustainable Transport presents a comprehensive, evidence-based framework for transforming the country’s mobility system into a sustainable and efficient transport system. The strategy seeks to deliver significant reductions in CO₂ emissions while strengthening regional connectivity, fostering economic development, and enhancing energy security. While Armenia has made notable progress in rolling out electric vehicles and electrifying its rail network, it still struggles with a high dependence on imported fossil fuels, a lack of data transparency and weak co-ordination among government agencies. This roadmap is structured to…
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Southeast Asia Indicators Handbook for Just and Inclusive Transitions
…parts of society benefit from these changes.In 2024, G20 leaders endorsed ten voluntary G20 Principles for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions covering energy planning, jobs and skills, fair distribution, affordability and access, and social inclusion and participation. The IEA Global Commission on People-Centred Clean Energy Transitions: Designing for Fairness - comprising government ministers and high-level representatives from international organisations, labour, Indigenous, youth and civil society groups – has been closely working with successive G20 presidencies to develop these concepts and help governments implement them. On 09 October 2025, during the official programme of the G20 Energy Transitions Ministerial Meeting…
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Powering Ireland’s Energy Future
…this transition, supported by a detailed security study on the electricity supply mix.The analysis sets out five pillars for policy action: Establishing a cross-sectoral energy security strategy for the 2030s; delivering the enabling infrastructure to accommodate the growth of electricity demand and supply; accelerating the delivery of generation capacity, storage and demand-side flexibility; enabling secure system operation under high renewable penetration; advancing workforce skills, strengthening partnerships and facilitating electrification. Ireland can build on its progress in power system transformation to set an example of secure integration of large shares of variable renewable generation while safeguarding energy security.
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IEA Support to Accelerating Renewable Energy Permitting (ARPE)
…providing multiple applicable insights for policy makers in focus countries and beyond.This webpage contains a summary of the main findings resulting from the ARPE action, as well as the summary reports containing the main findings of each workshop. It provides examples of solutions and can inform policy-making, as well as all other stakeholders engaged in renewable energy project development.The project was funded by the European Union (EU) via the Technical Support Instrument, which is managed by the Reform and Investment Task Force (SG REFORM) of the European Commission. The project is implemented by the International Energy Agency (IEA…
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Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane
A global geospatial assessment Biogases play an important and growing role in energy systems. Produced locally using organic waste, biogas and biomethane can contribute to energy security, waste management, emissions reductions and agricultural development.In recent years, demand for biomethane – also known as “renewable natural gas” – has grown rapidly in many countries, supported by dozens of new policies. As a low-emissions substitute for natural gas, the use of biomethane has been targeted across a wide range of sectors, including power, industry, transport and buildings. This report presents a first-of-its-kind global geographical analysis of the untapped potential…
