Southeast Asia Indicators Handbook for Just and Inclusive Transitions
About this report
Energy demand in Southeast Asia is growing, driven by rapidly growing population and economies, industrialisation and urbanisation. Many countries in the region have set out their own national decarbonisation targets and clean energy transitions commitments.
Clean energy transitions in the region present unique opportunities to deliver broad socio-economic benefits, beyond emissions reductions, such as the creation of new decent jobs, economic diversification, reduced energy poverty and improved air quality. Tracking these benefits can help ensure that all parts of society benefit from these changes.
In 2024, G20 leaders endorsed ten voluntary G20 Principles for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions covering energy planning, jobs and skills, fair distribution, affordability and access, and social inclusion and participation. The IEA Global Commission on People-Centred Clean Energy Transitions: Designing for Fairness - comprising government ministers and high-level representatives from international organisations, labour, Indigenous, youth and civil society groups – has been closely working with successive G20 presidencies to develop these concepts and help governments implement them. On 09 October 2025, during the official programme of the G20 Energy Transitions Ministerial Meeting, the IEA Global Commission published an Indicators Handbook for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions which explores tracking and evaluation of these G20 Principles.
This Southeast Asia Indicators Handbook draws on this previous work of the IEA Global Commission as well as consultations with stakeholders, regional case studies and IEA analysis. Designed as a technical resource, the Southeast Asia Indicators Handbook provides guidance for governments and other stakeholders on identifying relevant indicators as well as tools to track progress, evaluate the effectiveness of existing or planned programmes, and support the design of just and inclusive energy policies.
Recognising the diversity of national energy systems and socio-economic contexts within Southeast Asia, this Indicators Handbook does not offer a prescriptive framework with a defined set of indicators. Instead, it presents a selection of indicators and evaluation methodologies, drawn from practical applications, within the framework of the G20 Principles, that can be adapted to different national circumstances.