-
Global Methane Tracker 2026
…essential data on methane emissions across the energy sector and the opportunities to bring them down.The Tracker presents the IEA’s latest sector-wide emissions estimates – based on the most recent data from satellites and measurement campaigns – and discusses different abatement options along with their associated costs. This year's edition includes a chapter on the efforts among numerous countries to develop marketplaces for fuels with near-zero methane intensity. It is accompanied by a template framework to help countries respond to satellite-detected large-emissions events, as well as an update to the IEA's interactive data tool…
-
Household Energy Affordability
…making energy affordability an important policy concern for governments. The impacts of the global energy crisis on consumer prices have been significantly felt in household budgets. Despite coming down from their peak in 2022, prices remain elevated compared to pre-crisis levels and households continue to grapple with higher living costs.This report sets out to identify key trends that are shaping the state of energy affordability around the world today. It explores how system drivers and household energy consumption influence the makeup of energy bills and opens a wider discussion on the social implications of energy affordability for households…
-
Energy Technology Perspectives 2026
…chains and industrial competitiveness, analysing manufacturing cost structures and industrial policy impacts. The IEA’s Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP) series serves as the world’s guidebook for clean energy technologies. As the IEA’s flagship technology publication, ETP has been a key source of insights on all matters relating to energy technology since 2006. Over the past 20 years, ETP has expanded to encompass more data and analysis on different aspects of energy technologies, including infrastructure, supply chains and beyond. The 2026 edition aims to provide a comprehensive update on today’s most pressing energy technology issues. Watch our videos
-
Vehicle software and software-defined vehicles
…Manufacturers can also deploy new features, performance improvements and security updates more rapidly across a vehicle’s lifetime. When combined with the lower material requirements of zonal architectures compared with distributed designs, these benefits can reduce EV production costs, provided volumes are sufficient to spread development costs across enough vehicles.Lower vehicle production costs can translate into lower purchase prices for consumers, but an increasing number of features in base models and greater reliance on subscription‑based functions could also increase costs for users, albeit creating a new revenue stream for manufacturers. For example, “feature‑as‑a‑service” business models – through which users can…
-
Global Hydrogen Review 2026
…across multiple applications and regions. It concludes with a special focus chapter exploring challenges and opportunities for the development of new supply chains for low-emissions hydrogen-based products in Africa.The report is published alongside updates to the Hydrogen Production and Infrastructure Projects Database and the online Hydrogen Tracker. These resources allow users to explore project-level information and data on announced and operational projects for the production of low-emissions hydrogen and for the development of hydrogen infrastructure. It also includes information on signed offtake agreements for low-emissions hydrogen and hydrogen derivatives, and details on more than…
-
Critical Mineral Traceability for Energy and Economic Security
Amid rising risks linked to the high concentration of critical mineral supply chains, the ability to track where minerals originate, how they move through supply chains, who has custody of them and how they are transformed is increasingly important for policymakers seeking to create diversified and responsible supply chains.This report provides insights from a first-of-its kind survey on traceability conducted by the IEA and OECD. More than 80 respondent companies active across supply chains of the six focus minerals (copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and rare earth elements) provided results between October and December 2025. Drawing on…
-
Demand- and Supply-Side Measures for the Industry Transition
Policy brief As governments look to scale up lead markets for near-zero and low-emissions steel and cement, targeted policy measures can help overcome commercialisation barriers, capture emerging market opportunities and support broader government objectives. This policy brief explores a variety of possible policy instruments to stimulate demand and supply of such industrial materials, providing options that governments could adopt and adapt as part of their industrial policy framework – tailored to their unique circumstances to enhance effectiveness – along with practical next steps towards implementation.
-
Rare Earth Elements
Pathways to secure and diversified supply chains The critical role of rare earth elements in strategic applications, ranging from energy technologies and advanced electronics to aerospace and defence systems, combined with their highly concentrated supply chains, has elevated their importance in both energy and broader economic security discussions in recent years. This report assesses the current state of the rare earth elements market, examining demand and supply dynamics and key technological developments. It analyses the full value chain from mining to permanent magnet production, evaluates vulnerabilities across supply chains, and highlights the implications of potential supply disruptions. Based on these…
-
Sheltering From Oil Shocks
…supply disruption in the history of the global oil market, due to the near halt in shipping traffic through the Strait of Hormuz. The loss of supply is having significant impacts in global markets, pushing up prices for crude oil above $100/barrel, and leading to much higher prices for some refined products – notably diesel, jet fuel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Concerns are growing about the impacts of higher prices on households, businesses and the broader economy.In this report, the IEA details 10 demand-side options open to households, businesses and governments to shelter themselves from today’s…
-
Global Energy Review 2026
Global Energy Review 2026 This edition of the Global Energy Review provides the first full assessment of trends across the entire energy sector in 2025, with data for all fuels and technologies, all regions and major countries, and energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.The report covers estimates of energy demand by region and by source and fuel in 2025; developments in electricity demand and supply; deployment of selected energy technologies; and estimates of energy-related CO2 emissions. The report also assesses trends in energy intensity and analyses the impact of factors, such as weather effects, on energy demand and…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
-
+ 9 pages
