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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies
…in particular, the evolving pattern presents both opportunities – including expanded equity participation and greater risk-sharing – and challenges linked to uneven availability of concessional or long-tenor finance.This report maps and analyses these changes through an energy sector-level dataset covering 2015 to 2024. It explores how China’s evolving financing model is reshaping instruments, institutions and regional allocation patterns, and also considers the strategic and practical implications for EMDE energy transitions.The analysis is complemented by case studies covering a range of technologies and financial structures – from large-scale renewables and electricity distribution to green industrial projects, waste…
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Does security of supply drive key biofuel markets in Asia?
Renewables 2019 Trends to watch number 1 Improving security of supply is a fundamental reason for the introduction of biofuel policy support in China, India and Indonesia, which in turn has raised production prospects. Combined, these countries account for 40% (15 billion litres) of biofuel production growth in the main case forecast (2019‑24).Crude oil import dependency is set to increase in all three countries over the forecast period, meaning that measures to reinforce security of supply are of paramount importance. China already overtook the United States as the largest crude oil importer in 2017, India’s oil demand is set…
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Scaling Up Renewables in the Java-Bali Power System: A Case Study
…country with a significant role as an energy consumer and major coal exporter, as well as the global leader in biofuels production. By mid-century, Indonesia is forecast to be the world’s fourth-largest economy. Its government aims to modernise the energy sector and to achieve universal electricity access by 2024. Among its challenges, Indonesia is ranked in the top-third of countries in terms of climate change risk with high exposure to flooding and extreme heat. Indonesia has a significant role in the global energy landscape. It faces a multitude of challenges to modernise and transition its energy…
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Renewables 2020
…wind and hydropower are taking global renewable capacity additions to a new record this year, accounting for almost 90% of the increase in total power capacity worldwide. Solar PV growth is expected to remain stable as a faster expansion of utility-scale projects compensates for the decline in rooftop additions resulting from individuals and companies reprioritising investments. Wind and solar PV additions are set to jump by 30% in both the People’s Republic of China (“China”) and the United States as developers rush to complete projects before changes in policy take effect.The renewables industry has adapted quickly to…
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How much will renewable hydrogen production drive demand for new renewable energy capacity by 2027?
…total renewable capacity growth. China leads expansion, followed by Australia, Chile and the United States. Together, these four markets account for roughly two-thirds of dedicated renewable capacity for hydrogen production. Globally, new capacity is split evenly between PV and onshore wind, although regional shares vary depending on resource availability. For instance, solar PV makes up most of the growth in the MENA, while in Latin America the electrolyser project pipeline is expected to be mostly filled by onshore wind projects in Chile. Given their long lead times, offshore wind projects account for less than 1% of new renewable capacity…
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Is the biofuel industry approaching a feedstock crunch?
Renewables 2022 This report forms a component of Chapter 4 of Renewables 2022 and addresses a key question in renewable energy markets. Biodiesel, renewable diesel and biojet fuel producers are headed for a feedstock supply crunch during 2022-2027 if current trends do not change. In our main case, demand for vegetable oil, waste and residue oils and fats increases 56% to 79 million tonnes over the forecast period. Fuels made from wastes and residues are in particularly high demand because they satisfy GHG and feedstock policy objectives in the United States and Europe. In fact, wastes and residues are expected to…
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Deploying Renewables in Southeast Asian Countries
Deploying Renewables in Southeast Asian Countries This paper is part of the IEA ongoing analysis of global renewable energy markets and policies. It focuses on six Southeast Asian countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam. The report investigates the potentials and barriers for scaling up market penetration of renewable energy technologies in the electricity, heating and transport sectors in the six countries.
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Enhancing Indonesia’s Power System
Pathways to meet the renewables targets in 2025 and beyond This report was prepared on the basis of the framework for collaboration established by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) of Indonesia on the topic of power system enhancement and renewable energy integration, and in support of the implementation of the upcoming Presidential Decree on renewable energy.It is part of the assistance provided by the IEA towards Indonesia’s efforts to reform its energy sector and is consistent with IEA’s forthcoming Energy Sector Roadmap to Net Zero Emissions in Indonesia…
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Technology Roadmap - China Wind Energy Development Roadmap 2050
Roadmap Technology Roadmap - China Wind Energy Development Roadmap 2050 Developed by the Energy Resource Institute of China’s National Reform and Development Commission (ERI-NDRC), the China Wind Energy Roadmap is the first national roadmap that has been developed by a country with IEA support, drawing from its global roadmap series. The report shows how the People's Republic of China, already the world’s largest wind market, could reach 1 000 gigawatts of wind power by the middle of the century, an achievement that would reduce CO2 emissions by 1.5 gigatonnes per year, or roughly equivalent to the…
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Meeting Power System Flexibility Needs in China by 2030
…before 2060 have added momentum to expand their footprint.This report investigates the evolving flexibility requirements of China’s power system as it transitions towards a cleaner energy mix. The analysis aims to present a market-based policy toolkit that can enhance flexibility, especially during the 15th Five-Year Plan period (2026-2030), focusing on short-term flexibility solutions for the integration of variable renewable energy.Though the main audience of this report is policy makers in China and experts from around the world intending to contribute to power sector reforms, the report also aims to be informative for generalist readers.
