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Czechia
Czechia has decoupled economic growth from energy consumption since 2009, yet the country’s energy and carbon intensity remain above the IEA average, which highlights the need to make energy efficiency the “first principle” of energy policy. Fossil fuels are still essential building blocks of the energy mix with coal as the single largest fuel for total energy supply and electricity generation. The country is committed to phase-out coal by 2033 and is putting in place a framework for an inclusive transition. Nuclear is the second largest electricity source and the government plans to build new nuclear units at…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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Czechia 2025
…this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies.This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Czechia and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive knowledge and the inputs of expert peers from IEA Member countries to assess Czechia’s most pressing energy sector challenges and provide recommendations on how to address them, backed by international best practices. The report also highlights areas where Czechia’s leadership can serve as an example in promoting secure and clean energy transitions. It…
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Czechia 2025 Executive summary
…plans and guiding documents, including the State Energy Policy (2015) and the Climate Protection Policy (2017), need to be updated or more clearly defined, with a particular focus on the long-term pathway for renewables and the role of natural gas in the energy transition. Czechia has set laudable goals and updating its strategic framework, filling implementation gaps, strengthening capacity and fostering societal support will help to achieve them.Significant steps are being taken to improve energy security and reduce reliance on Russian imports. To address short-term energy security concerns related to the coal phase-out, legislation now allows…
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Electricity generation by source in Czechia, 2024 vs 2030
Czechia Energy Security Oil Nuclear Power Natural Gas Renewables Fossil Fuels
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Slovak Republic
The key objectives of the Slovak energy policy agenda are: increasing efficiency in the power and end‐use sectors, reducing energy intensity, reducing dependence on energy imports, expanding the use of nuclear power, increasing the share of renewables in the heat and electricity sectors, and supporting the use of alternative fuels for transport. With these sound objectives in place, the government should now focus on the cost‐effective implementation of concrete actions. Mining of coal for electricity production ended in 2023 and an additional nuclear unit was commissioned. The country remains dependent on energy imports from Russia, making energy security…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Czechia National Energy and Climate Plan
The National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) of Czechia was developed in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and the Council on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action. It outlines the country’s objectives and policies across the five key dimensions of the Energy Union for the period 2021–2030, with a long-term outlook to 2050.These five dimensions include:Greenhouse gas emissions reductionEnergy efficiencyThe internal energy marketEnergy securityResearch, innovation, and competitivenessFor each of these areas, the National Plan defines Czechia contribution to the EU-wide targets, along with the measures and…
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Croatia
Croatia's National Energy Strategy 2009-2020 has three basic objectives: increase security of energy supply, develop competitive energy system and ensure sustainable energy sector development. These objectives are particularly important for the country, as it is heavily dependent on energy imports, resulting in its vulnerability to energy prices fluctuations.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Switzerland
Switzerland has notably decoupled economic growth from energy use despite strong population growth. This trend should continue, and the energy efficiency first principle should be reflected in all climate and energy legislation. Reaching the 2050 net zero emissions target and addressing the growing winter electricity gap between demand and production requires an unprecedented volume of additional renewable generation capacity, especially wind and hydro. For this, the country needs to shorten the complex and extended administrative and legal permitting process. This will also help advancing investments in grid infrastructure to prepare for more decentralised and variable generation. Switzerland should also align…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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