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Electricity 2026 Grids
…centres. Planning, permitting and completing new grid infrastructure can take anywhere from 5 to 15 years, whereas new builds on the supply and demand side are much faster at 1-5 years for renewables projects such as solar PV and wind, 1-3 years for data centres, and 1-2 years for EV charging infrastructure. At the same time, prices for key grid components have nearly doubled over the past five years. While ramping up investment in the construction of new grids is crucial and needs to accelerate, significant additional hosting capacity can be unlocked in the near term by using existing grids more efficiently…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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World Energy Investment 2025 China
…owned enterprises and characterised by large-scale infrastructure projects backed by government financing. However, the landscape is beginning to shift. In recent years the government has increasingly encouraged greater private sector participation in energy development. As part of its evolving strategy, China has explicitly encouraged the involvement of private enterprises in the energy sector beyond the fields of export-oriented clean energy manufacturing into areas of more strategic domestic importance, such as nuclear power, new energy storage and even into upstream oil and gas and mining. The Chinese government has facilitated private participation in more than 8 000 recommended projects in 2024.
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Indicators Handbook for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions Introduction
…reduced energy poverty and improved air quality). Tracking these benefits can help highlight and communicate the positive effects of clean energy transitions across different population groups. This year, the South African G20 Presidency and Brazilian COP30 Presidency have prioritised just and inclusive energy transitions and this Indicators Handbook has been developed to support and promote these efforts.The Indicators Handbook is based on the voluntary G20 Principles for Just and Inclusive Transitions, endorsed by G20 leaders in November 2024. The principles, which reflect varying perspectives, contexts and experiences, form a framework for approaching transitions that maximises benefits and mitigates the…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS)
The Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) has a long pedigree in the International Energy Agency (IEA) family of scenarios. It was introduced in 2019 with this name, but it has much in common with the previous New Policies Scenario that dates back to the 2010 edition of the World Energy Outlook (WEO). The intention of this scenario is to reflect the prevailing direction of travel for the energy system based on a detailed reading of the latest policy settings in countries around the world. It takes into account specific energy, climate and related industrial policies that have been adopted or put…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in electric car markets
…several major markets, and as the EU CO2 targets for cars remained the same between 2023 and 2024. Electric car sales continued to increase in the United States although growth was about one-quarter that of the previous year. Significantly, outside of these three major markets, there was a record increase in sales of nearly 40% to reach 1.3 million, closing in on the United States’ sales of 1.6 million electric cars. The rapid growth in electric car sales over the past 5 years has had a significant impact on the global car fleet: At the end of 2024, the electric car…
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Global Energy Review 2025 Key findings
…had the largest absolute growth in gas demand in 2024 of over 7% (30 bcm), with growth also strong in other emerging and developing economies in Asia. Gas demand expanded by around 2% (20 bcm) in the United States. Consumption grew modestly in the European Union, notably for industrial use. Global coal demand rose by 1%. Power generation was the main driver of growth as high temperatures pushed up electricity consumption for cooling. Intense heatwaves drove coal use higher in both China and India, which together represented the large majority of the global demand increase of around 65 million tonnes of…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages
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Global Energy Review 2026 Oil
Oil demand growth remained subdued in 2025 Oil demand increased in 2025 by 0.65 mb/d (million barrels per day) or 1.2 EJ, but this 0.7% rise marked a further slowdown from 2024’s already-muted 0.75 mb/d of growth. The increase in both years was in line with IEA projections. The 2025 increase fell well short of the 2010-19 average annual rise of 1.4 mb/d, offering further evidence of a structural deceleration in oil markets.This slowdown mainly reflected weaker growth in petrochemical feedstock use. Demand for naphtha, liquefied petroleum gas…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for solid fuels
…is that global coal prices reached historic highs in the first-half of 2022. Key findings Global coal demand rebounded strongly in 2021 to 5 640 million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce) as economies recovered from the pandemic and coal-fired power generation reached a historic high in 2021. Both China and India have boosted investment in domestic coal production, but global production struggled to keep pace with demand increases, causing coal prices to surge. Russia – the world’s third-largest coal exporter – and its invasion of Ukraine complicated coal market dynamics and brought additional pressure on prices.The outlook for…
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Global Energy Review 2025 Oil
…than the total net increase in world oil demand. Feedstock demand growth has remained strong – principally due to the absence of efficiency improvements or widespread substitution impacting plastic production or demand.Non-feedstock uses of oil remain dominated by transport applications in road, aviation and shipping. In 2024, these non-feedstock uses were virtually equal to 2019 levels, despite aggregate global GDP growth of about 14% over this five-year period. This highlights the impact of factors such as electric vehicles and high-speed rail, efficiency improvements and remote working.Liquid biofuel demand increased by 0.2 EJ in 20...
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in the electric car industry
…the country’s total output, followed by Japanese and EU OEMs contributing equally to the remaining 30%. Meanwhile, Canada’s output paled in comparison to its neighbours, remaining constant from 2023 at 25 000 vehicles.Electric car production also increased in Asia Pacific countries other than China to reach about 1 million. While incumbent carmakers such as Japan’s Toyota and Korea’s Hyundai were behind most of the region’s output, emerging EV players like VinFast in Viet Nam or Tata in India were responsible for an increasing share of production, growing from 10% in 2023 to 15% in 2024. In In...