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Contributor
Petr Havlik
Leader of the Integrated Biosphere Futures Research Group at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis.
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Contributor
Peter Zeniewski
Senior Energy Analyst. Dr. Peter Zeniewski is a Senior Energy Analyst at the IEA. His main area of focus is the outlook for natural gas and LNG – covering long-term assessments of supply, demand, trade, investment and pricing. He has also led projects on energy affordability, biogases, India’s energy outlook, and emissions from oil and gas supply. Prior to joining the IEA, Peter was a Chancellor’s Fellow at the University of Edinburgh and held positions at the European Commission and Wood Mackenzie. He holds a PhD in International Relations from the University of Oxford.
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Contributor
Leonore Gewessler
Minister of Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology.
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Technology report
Nov 2025
What Next for the Global Car Industry Executive summary
Fundamental shifts are reshaping global car markets The car industry is undergoing profound changes as electric car sales continue to rise and the geography of global car sales shifts. Global car sales approached 80 million in 2024 and have largely bounced back from their pandemic-related slump. Recent growth has been exclusively driven by sales of electric and hybrid cars, which made up around 30% of total car sales in 2024, while global sales of pure internal combustion engine (ICE) cars peaked in 2017 and have since fallen by 30%. By contrast, electric car sales grew more than 14-fold over…
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Technology report
Nov 2025
What Next for the Global Car Industry Pathways to global EV cost-competitiveness
Highlights The gap in competitiveness in electric car manufacturing between new market-entrants located in China and incumbents in other countries has grown in the past 5 years. Battery electric car production costs are over 30% lower in China than in advanced economies, and around a third of the difference can be attributed to the battery. However, a similar production cost gap exists for conventional cars. Battery cell prices are, on average, over 30% lower in China than in Europe and over 20% lower than in the United States. Reducing the manufacturing cost gap is possible – half is due to efficiency…
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Technology report
Nov 2025
What Next for the Global Car Industry Timeline of corporate strategies
This infographic tracks the evolution of corporate strategies for electrification and electric car sales from some of the world’s biggest carmakers and pure-play electric car manufacturers.