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Salomé Zourabichvili
President. Salomé Zourabichvili took office as President of Georgia in December 2018. Ms Zourabichvili served as Georgia’s Minister of Foreign Affairs in 2004-2005 and was elected to its parliament in 2016. She also previously worked in the French diplomatic service and for the UN Security Council, as well as teaching at the Institute of Political Studies in Paris.
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Current Policies Scenario
…in EV sales. Global natural gas demand rises to 5 600 billion cubic metres by 2050: demand in the Middle East increases strongly, but developing economies in Asia are the largest source of demand growth, and their rising supply needs are met by new pipelines from Russia to China and by increased flows of liquefied natural gas. Oil and gas prices rise to 2050 in the CPS. The United States remains the world’s largest oil and gas producer through to 2050, but oil production of the OPEC+ in 2050 is 15% higher than at any point in history. The CPS assumes…
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An Energy Sector Roadmap to Net Zero Emissions in Colombia Executive summary
Colombia is one of the region’s growth success stories Colombia is the third-largest country in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) by population, with 53 million inhabitants. Its economy has grown steadily since 1971, even during the “lost decade” experienced by LAC in the 1980s, and with very few exceptions during global crises. GDP has increased by an annual average of 2.4% since 2015, outpacing the regional average of 1.2%. This growth has been accompanied by tangible improvements in indicators of living standards for Colombia’s population: access to clean cooking and electricity have significantly improved, both standing…
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Sustainable Transport Policy for Armenia: A Roadmap Policy recommendations and milestones
As Armenia shifts toward a sustainable transport sector, a clear roadmap with structured policy recommendations and milestones is essential. To be sure, the transition faces challenges ranging from geopolitical risks to resource limitations. However, it also offers significant opportunities to lower CO2 emissions, improve transport accessibility for people and businesses, enhance regional and international connectivity and wean Armenia from its dependence on imported fossil fuels.In the summary below, the recommendations offered in this roadmap have been grouped into three categories to help the government prioritise its actions effectively and ensure a systematic transition toward low-carbon mobility. Each category…
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Edwin de Palma
Minister of Mines and Energy.
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Luca Lo Re
International Climate and Energy Analyst. Luca Lo Re leads the IEA work in the OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group. With OECD colleagues, he produces papers to enhance the understanding of technical issues in international climate change negotiations and Paris Agreement implementation. In particular, his works focuses on international carbon markets (Art. 6 of the Paris Agreement). He also leads the organisation of the annual IEA-IETA-EPRI GHG Emissions Trading Workshop, and supports various works of the Agency related to Net Zero.
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Leonie Staas
Former Energy Modeller.
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Gaining an Edge Energy demand and competitiveness
Energy is at the centre of competitiveness amid high costs, growing demand, and rising trade pressures Energy is a vital input into all productive sectors of the economy. In an environment of fierce global competition and shifting trade patterns, energy costs are a major determinant of long-term investment, jobs and business competitiveness. Finding ways to reduce energy costs while producing more or better products is good for both profitability and overall economic growth. While energy prices are volatile in many countries, recent high prices combined with instability and fragmentation in energy markets have widened energy price gaps between regions…
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Mikaël J. A. Maes
Environmental Data Scientist, OECD Environment Directorate.
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Renewables for Industry Executive summary
Electrification of heat can improve efficiency, help diversify industrial energy, and enhance energy security A broad range of industries that depend primarily on low-temperature heat and steam processes represent roughly 70% of global industrial energy consumption. They span diverse manufacturing activities – from food and beverages to textiles, chemicals, transport equipment, wood products and paper. In 2023, these sectors emitted nearly 3 Gt of direct energy-related CO₂, accounting for half of all direct industrial emissions, although emissions have declined by around 8% since 2013.Industrial energy use is largely in the form of heat and is increasingly being supplied…
