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Hannah Daly
Former World Energy Outlook Analyst.
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Kira West
Former World Energy Outlook Analyst.
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Financing Clean Energy in Africa Executive summary
A dramatic increase in energy investment into African countries is essential Multiple recent crises have made it increasingly challenging for many African countries to raise financing to support their clean energy ambitions, despite the continent’s huge needs and rich and varied resources. Africa accounts for around 20% of the world’s population but attracts less than 2% of its spending on clean energy. In recent years, African countries have had to deal with a series of overlapping crises, including the Covid-19 pandemic, the energy and food crises following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and worsening climate risks. Borrowing…
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Setting the scene
…10% of investment in EMDE other than China, this capital can be allocated to mobilise even more private investment.China has become a major provider of international public finance. Its outbound financing expanded rapidly in the years leading up to 2010 as part of broader economic and industrial strategies, with the China Development Bank (CDB) and the Export–Import Bank of China (CEXIM) emerging as two of the world’s largest DFIs. The launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013 further accelerated this outward push, formalising China’s ambition to strengthen cross-border infrastructure, energy access and…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE)
…the COP26 Presidency in 2021 to give an indication of what achieving the 1.5 °C goal would mean for the energy sector. Responding to this request, the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE Scenario) was developed. It represents a global pathway towards the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C, but not the only possible one. The IEA has always been clear that there are various paths to reach this objective and that each country will have its own route. Since 2021, the IEA has updated its NZE Scenario each year, in line with changes in real world investment…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Current Policies Scenario
…this is not the case, and geopolitical constraints remain in place, demand could be met through increased production in other countries, but this would entail increased investment, and would probably also mean higher prices. Electricity demand rises in all countries and regions, with the strongest growth in India and Indonesia, but the push for a much more electrified energy system does not gain broad momentum in the CPS. Solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind are cost competitive in many regions, but deployment faces integration challenges that slow further growth: annual solar PV capacity additions average 540 gigawatts to 2035, similar to the level…
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Scaling Up Transition Finance Executive Summary
…is drawn heavily to certain “green” assets and activities—most prominently renewable power. While vital, these investments alone cannot deliver all the changes needed to cut global emissions, especially in areas where clean technologies are not yet commercially available or cost competitive. This is where transition finance comes in: it can help emissions-intensive countries, companies, and sectors shift over time towards sustainable practices aligned with long-term climate and development goals. Transition finance faces complex definitional challenges, which have slowed its adoption. Nonetheless, it could play an essential role in global energy investments. Today, transition finance flows remain modest…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 An updated roadmap to Net Zero Emissions by 2050
…additions scaled record heights. Recent investment in fossil fuel infrastructure not included in our 2021 NZE Scenario would result in 25 Gt of emissions if run to the end of its lifetime (around 5% of the remaining carbon budget for 1.5 °C).Despite these mostly discouraging developments, the pathway detailed in the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario remains narrow but still achievable. This update to the NZE Scenario offers a comprehensive account of how policymakers and others could respond coherently to the challenges of climate change, energy affordability and energy security. Between 2021 and 2030, low emissions sources of…
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Tim Gould
Chief Energy Economist. Tim Gould was appointed the Agency's Chief Energy Economist in 2021. As Chief Energy Economist, he provides strategic advice on energy economics across a wide range of IEA activities and analysis. Mr Gould is also Head of the Office of the Chief Energy Economist, in which capacity he co-leads the World Energy Outlook, the IEA's flagship publication series, and oversees the Agency's work on investment and finance, including the World Energy Investment report.Mr Gould joined the IEA in 2008, initially as a specialist on Russian and Caspian energy, and in recent years has designed and directed a wide range of IEA analytical outputs, while continuing to contribute also as an author. Prior to joining the IEA, Mr Gould worked on European and Eurasian energy issues in Brussels and has ten years of experience in Eastern Europe, primarily in Ukraine. He gr...
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World Energy Investment 2021 Datafile
World and regional investment data for supply and end-use The World Energy Investment 2021 datafile includes world and regional investment data for supply (fossil fuels, renewables, electricity networks, other) and end-use (energy efficiency, renewables and other). A full set of figures from the report is also available for download below.
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