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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Broader view on energy-related strategic minerals: What risks to anticipate?
Many energy-related minerals are used across multiple sectors, including digital technologies, aerospace and high-performance materials While critical minerals are often associated with electrification, renewables and battery storage, their significance extends well beyond energy, underpinning a broad array of industrial and technological applications. From AI and robotics to high-performance materials and aerospace, these minerals’ contribution to industrial and technological development is increasing, with broad economic implications. The range of strategic materials with significant implications for the energy sector should not be underestimated. Superalloys – which require a diverse array of input metals – illustrate this: approximately two-thirds of global…
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COP28: Tracking the Energy Outcomes
…with the aim of keeping within reach the Paris Agreement target of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C. For the first time, governments explicitly recognised that to achieve this target, energy-related emissions need to reach net zero by 2050, and they set key goals to help meet this objective – including tripling global renewable energy capacity and doubling global energy efficiency improvements by 2030, and deploying emerging technologies, such as low-emissions hydrogen and carbon capture.The IEA, in collaboration with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Secretariat, is tracking progress towards the energy objectives established…
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Energy in Southeast Asia
…s energy demand profile. Industry is the largest end-use sector, accounting for around 45% of total final consumption today, and has been the main source of demand growth since 2015, driven by manufacturing, non-energy-intensive industries and rapid expansion in metals production, including nickel-related activity in Indonesia. Transport remains the main driver of oil demand, with road freight, rising car ownership and the region’s large two- and three-wheeler fleet sustaining fuel consumption. In buildings, progress on electricity access and clean cooking has reduced reliance on traditional biomass, while rising ownership of appliances and air conditioners…
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Energy outlook to 2050 based on today’s policy settings
…aviation and petrochemical feedstocks keep oil use rising. Buildings are a major source of electricity demand growth, led by cooling. Air conditioner stocks are set to triple by 2035 as incomes rise, cities expand and temperatures increase. Stronger minimum energy performance standards and better building codes could significantly reduce future cooling demand while improving affordability and resilience to heatwaves.Electricity demand more than doubles to 2050, requiring a rapid expansion and modernisation of power systems. Growth is driven mainly by buildings and industry, while data centres add a new source of highly localised demand: Southeast Asia already accounts for around…
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Saving Energy
…the room you’re in or the rooms you use regularly.The same idea applies in hot weather. Turn off air-conditioning when you’re out. Set the overall temperature 1 °C warmer to cut bills by up to 10%. And only cool the room you’re in.2. Boiler: adjust the settingsDefault boiler settings are often higher than you need. Lower the hot water temperature to save 8% of your heating energy and cut EUR 100 off an average bill. You may have to have the plumber come once if you have a complex modern combi boiler and…
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Energy Efficiency 2024 How can energy efficiency alleviate rising heatwave-driven electricity demand?
…was the warmest year on record, and 2024 is on track to beat it. The frequency and intensity of heatwaves are increasing, causing extreme temperatures of up to 50ºC in some regions, with multiple national temperature records broken during 2024. Ensuring that cooling needs are met is of primary importance. The extreme temperatures are driving strong demand for much-needed cooling technologies such as air conditioners. However, these are also pushing up electricity use to record levels and straining power grids around the world. In 2024, more than 40 countries representing nearly 70% of global electricity demand, including Brazil, China…
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World Energy Investment 2026 How we track investment in energy
…asset. For energy efficiency, the measurement task is more complex and much of the expenditure is by consumers for whom purchases of more efficient goods are not investments per se. In WEI 2025, as in other recent IEA reports, investment in energy efficiency aims to reflect the incremental spending by companies, governments, or individuals to acquire a piece of equipment that is more efficient than the local market average. Due to the different possible methodologies available, this estimate of energy efficiency investment is not definitive but still included to provide a comparison with the scale of investment in energy supply…
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World Energy Investment 2025 How we track investment in energy
…asset.For energy efficiency, the measurement task is more complex and much of the expenditure is by consumers for whom purchases of more efficient goods are not investments per se. In WEI 2025, as in other recent IEA reports, investment in energy efficiency aims to reflect the incremental spending by companies, governments, or individuals to acquire a piece of equipment that is more efficient than the local market average. Due to the different possible methodologies available, this estimate of energy efficiency investment is not definitive but still included to provide a comparison with the scale of investment in energy supply…
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Global Energy and Climate Model About the Global Energy and Climate Model
…include: fuel, end-user and CO2 prices. Developments in the 2025 modelling cycle The key sectoral and topic-specific model developments undertaken in 2025 include the following:The policies used to inform the GEC Model are now fully available online in the Policies and Measures Database and analysed in the Global Energy Policies Hub.Across all end-use sectors (buildings, industry, transport) energy-related investments assessments have been enhanced by incorporating new input data and a refined methodology for energy efficiency investments. All the investments for end-use sectors aims to reflect the incremental spending by companies, governments, or individuals…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 The global energy crisis
…recasting of the energy trade and investment landscape in profound ways. It has already prompted a host of measures aimed at strengthening energy security, including support to build domestic production capability in key sectors.One key question is whether today’s crisis will lead to acceleration in energy transitions, or whether a combination of economic turmoil and short-term policy choices will slow momentum. On the one hand, high fossil fuel prices and record levels of emissions offer strong reasons to move away from reliance on these fuels or to use them more efficiently. On the other, energy security concerns…
