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Marc Casanovas
Energy Data Officer.
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Trends in China’s Outbound Energy Finance
This section examines the major shifts in China’s outbound energy finance over the past decade, with a particular focus on developments since 2022. Drawing on publicly available project information and systematically compiled datasets, the analysis highlights structural changes in the scale, composition and institutional drivers of official financing, with aggregate figures presented up to 2024. Together, these trends reveal how China’s role as an energy financier is evolving – from a gradual decline of traditional policy-bank lending to the rise of more commercial-oriented official providers – and what this means for investment patterns across EMDE. Overall financing trends…
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Recent insights from methane emissions studies
Advances in measurement and data processing Methane detection has improved markedly in recent years by making better use of existing satellite arrays and launching new devices, improving airborne instrumentation and calibration, and deploying tower, stationary and handheld detectors more widely. Overall, detection limits have been optimised, coverage has broadened and observation times have increased. Meanwhile, advances in data processing have enhanced both the speed and the quality of analysis.These advances yield better coverage and sharper insights into the sources and scale of methane emissions. They also confirm that effective methane management requires multi-scale measurement frameworks that combine space…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Steel
State of the transition Emissions Total CO2 emissions remain largely unchanged from recent years, while direct CO2 emissions intensity has seen an uptick since 2021. Both must fall in the coming years to get on track with the IEA’s Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE Scenario). Cost Blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) routes make up about 70% of global steel production today.Hydrogen direct reduced iron electric arc furnace (H2 DRI-EAF) routes are emerging as a preferred low-emissions option in certain regions. Early commercial plants using 100% hydrogen blends are estimated to cost 50…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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+ 4 pages
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Pol Guardia Calsina
Former IEA Energy Analyst.
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Kandeh Yumkella
Chairman of the Presidential Initiative on Climate Change, Renewable Energy and Food Security.
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Electric vehicle batteries
Electric vehicle battery deployment Electric vehicle battery deployment grew by almost 30% in 2025 Electric vehicles (EVs) remained the primary source of global battery deployment, accounting for more than 70% of the total in 2025, slightly down from almost 80% in 2024. In 2025, EV battery deployment reached 1.2 TWh, an increase of almost 30% compared to 2024, and more than 7 times greater than in 2020. Light‑duty vehicles remained the dominant segment, representing more than 85% of the 2025 EV battery deployment. However, the fastest growth came from electric trucks, for which battery demand more than doubled – largely thanks…
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Policy mechanisms for diversified mineral supplies
Increasing cost pressures in operations outside dominant producers pose risks to diversification and sustainability efforts Supply chains for key energy minerals are highly concentrated, creating strong incentives for policymakers to build more secure and resilient supply chains through greater diversification. This concentration is often underpinned by network efforts, lower costs, and, in many cases, by relatively energy- and emissions-intensive processes. Capital expenditures for mining and refining in regions outside the dominant player are typically 50% higher than those within the top producing country. These producers also often face higher all-in sustaining costs, making it difficult to remain profitable…
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Broader view on energy-related strategic minerals: What risks to anticipate?
Many energy-related minerals are used across multiple sectors, including digital technologies, aerospace and high-performance materials While critical minerals are often associated with electrification, renewables and battery storage, their significance extends well beyond energy, underpinning a broad array of industrial and technological applications. From AI and robotics to high-performance materials and aerospace, these minerals’ contribution to industrial and technological development is increasing, with broad economic implications. The range of strategic materials with significant implications for the energy sector should not be underestimated. Superalloys – which require a diverse array of input metals – illustrate this: approximately two-thirds of global…
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Erica Westenberg
Director of Governance Programs, Natural Resource Governance Institute.
