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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Heat Pumps for Buildings
Heat Pumps for Buildings
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Household Energy Affordability Executive summary
Household energy affordability continues to be a key priority for governments as energy bills remain elevated Household energy bills globally have come down from the peaks seen during the global energy crisis in 2022, but on average they were still around 4% higher in real terms in 2024 than they were in 2019. Household energy bills soared in many parts of the world as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic and Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, which introduced a period of extreme volatility and a sharp run-up in prices. At the peak of the…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Policy
A total of USD 41 billion in public funding has been identified in policy updates made since the Global Hydrogen Review 2025 (GHR-25). Nearly two-thirds of this funding is linked to legislation in force and almost 25% has already been disbursed to projects, triggering final investment decisions (FID). As in GHR-25, most of the funding comes from advanced economies and for every dollar going to demand, about 1.5 dollars go to supply.The number of national hydrogen strategies has stabilised at 66 globally, and recent updates have focused either on implementing strategy actions (Brazil, Mauritania, Romania) or revising targets…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE)
The International Energy Agency (IEA) was asked by the COP26 Presidency in 2021 to give an indication of what achieving the 1.5 °C goal would mean for the energy sector. Responding to this request, the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE Scenario) was developed. It represents a global pathway towards the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C, but not the only possible one. The IEA has always been clear that there are various paths to reach this objective and that each country will have its own route. Since 2021, the IEA has updated its NZE Scenario each year…
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Air transport fuels
Jet fuel demand accounts for around 7% of global oil demand. Jet fuel markets look to be particularly vulnerable to an extended loss of Middle East production and exports, given limited flexibility elsewhere to increase output. 8. Avoid air travel where alternative options exist Description: Travel for work accounts for a large share (between 20% and 40%) of aviation activity. In many cases, travel for work can be temporarily substituted by virtual meetings. A reduction of around 40% of flights taken for work purposes is feasible in the short term, while maintaining productivity.Impact: Very high voluntary participation to work…
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Targeted Critical Minerals and Metals List
The Targeted Critical Minerals and Metals List is a list of critical minerals and metals deemed “essential for responding to shift towards the green economy, low carbon energy, and digitisation among others.” The list was provided in 2022 in South Africa's Exploration Strategy for the Mining Industry. The list includes categories for the current and future needs of the minerals listed.The list is comprised of the following minerals categorised by current or future needs:i. Minerals of the future / Green economy Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Lead Rare Earth Minerals ii. SteelmakingManganese Iron oreiii. Energy Minerals Coal Uranium iv. Competitive advantage and hydrogen economyPGMs Chromev. Battery mineralsVanadium Lithium
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IRESEN Infrastructure -- Network of Green Technology Research and Innovation Platforms and international collaboration
Morocco’s renewable energy innovation institute, IRESEN operates the First Network of Research and Innovation Platforms in Green Technologies in Africa (including infrastructure for smart buildings, solar PV, hydrogen, agro energy and water energy innovation) and creates bank accounts for recipients to manage risks related to transferring money to young companies. Morocco also partnered with Côte d'Ivoire on a semi-tropical test centre for renewable energy.
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Higher Education Innovation Fund
A fund, in partnership with UNDP, to make entrepreneurship services available in the higher education sector in South Africa, with an emphasis on job creation and spin-off companies.
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Regulations Regarding the Mandatory Blending of Bio-fuels with Petrol and Diesel (Government Notice No. R. 671)
The regulation sets out the requirements and conditions for the mandatory blending of bioethanol and biodiesel with petrol and diesel respectively that may be sold in the Republic of South Africa. It lists:A minimum concentration for biodiesel blending of 5% v/v. For bio-ethanol blending, a minimum level of 2% v/v and a maximum level of 10% v/v.The above requirements came into effect in 2015.In 2020, this regulation was ammended to include 2nd-generation biofuels (from crop and forest residues) and 3rd-generation biofuels (derived from algae).
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Geoscience Act, 1993
The Geoscience Act of 1993 established the mandate for the Council for Geoscience, one of the National Science Councils of South Africa and the legal successor to the Geological Survey of South Africa. The objectives of the Council are to develop and publish world-class geoscience knowledge products and to render geoscience-related services to the South African public and industry.The mandate of the Council includes:o The systematic reconnaissance and documentation of the geology of the earth’s surface and continental crust;o The compilation of geoscience data and information;o Basic geoscience research regarding the nature and…