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            • Oil Market Report - June 2026

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            • Sheltering From Oil Shocks

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              All content Reports Data & Tools News & Events
              Authors Countries Energy system Newsletters Policies Programmes Sectors Topics
                • Contributor

                Ryota Taniguchi

                Energy Analyst.

                • Contributor

                Ashiss Kumar Dash

                Executive Vice President.

                • Contributor

                Peerapat Vithayasrichareon

                Senior Energy Analyst - Power and System Integration.

                • Fuel report

                • Dec 2022

                Renewables 2022 Renewable heatRenewable heat

                Recent trends and policy update Heating is the world’s largest energy end use, accounting for almost half of global final energy consumption. Industrial processes are responsible for 53% of the final energy consumed for heat, while another 44% is used in buildings for space and water heating and, to a lesser extent, cooking. The remainder is used in agriculture, primarily for greenhouse heating. The heating sector is largely dominated by fossil fuels, with renewable energy sources meeting less than one-quarter of global heat demand in 2021 (and the traditional use of biomass makes up half this amount).With…

                • Executive summaryExecutive summary
                • Renewable electricityRenewable electricity
                • Transport biofuelsTransport biofuels
                • Renewable heatRenewable heat
                Cover Image Of Renewables 2022 A Photo Of A Wind Turbine Through Soft Hazy Clouds
                • Fuel report

                • May 2025

                Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Key findingsKey findings

                …largest share – around 40% – of its sustainable potential, compared with less than 5% in India.  Biomethane production costs exhibit a wide range, with 90% of the potential being between USD 10 per gigajoule (GJ) and USD 30/GJ. Emerging market and developing economies in Asia typically have the lowest costs, with 40 bcme available at less than USD 10/GJ. Around 45 bcme of biomethane potential could be exploited in different parts of the world at a cost equal to or lower than prevailing wholesale natural gas prices. This is already more than 5 times the current biomethane production globally…

                • Key findingsKey findings
                • Introduction to biogas and biomethaneIntroduction to biogas and biomethane
                • Assessing the sustainable potential and cost of feedstocks for biogas and biomethaneAssessing the sustainable potential and cost of feedstocks for biogas and biomethane
                • Key issues affecting biogas and biomethane projectsKey issues affecting biogas and biomethane projects
                • + 1 pages

                Outlook For Biogas And Biomethane Shutterstock 180495239
                • Fuel report

                • Oct 2025

                Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis Anatomy of a natural gas crisisAnatomy of a natural gas crisis

                Sudden and drastic reduction in Russian pipeline gas deliveries to Europe In the run-up to the gas supply shock, Russian natural gas (pipeline and LNG combined) accounted for a growing share of European gas supply. Prior to 2010, Russian supply made up a relatively steady 30% of the European Union’s gas supply. However, the combination of plateauing demand and rapid decline in EU domestic production, which started in the early 2010s (linked to the decision to phase out the historical Groningen gas field in the Netherlands), led to growing dependency on gas imports across the European Union. The…

                • IntroductionIntroduction
                • Anatomy of a natural gas crisisAnatomy of a natural gas crisis
                • Impact analysis of the two largest LNG import regionsImpact analysis of the two largest LNG import regions
                • Policy response to the crisisPolicy response to the crisis
                • + 1 pages

                Gas Market Lessons from the 2022 2023 Energy Crisis Red LNG tanker and swarm of tugboats shutterstock 1421288093
                • Contributor

                Andrew O'Callaghan

                Senior Policy and Programme Evaluator, Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI). Andrew O’Callaghan is a Senior Policy and Programme Evaluator at the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI). He works on developing evidence and data models to assess the impact of national retrofit and energy efficiency programmes. Andrew has a background in applied psychology and carbon management, and has previously worked in behavioural economics and energy modelling. His work supports the design of more effective and inclusive policies to advance Ireland’s climate and energy goals.

                • Policy report

                • Jun 2026

                Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency for Business The business value of energy efficiencyThe business value of energy efficiency

                Energy efficiency is often described as the “first fuel” because the cheapest and most secure energy is the energy that is not used. For businesses, this begins with a straightforward benefit: lower energy bills. In many cases, efficiency investments can pay back quickly through reduced energy costs alone, improving margins and reducing exposure to price volatility.However, the value of energy efficiency extends beyond energy savings. By improving how equipment, buildings and processes operate, efficiency measures deliver wide-ranging benefits that strengthen business competitiveness across several dimensions: Operational benefits Efficient and electrified equipment operates more reliably and with less stress…

                • The business value of energy efficiencyThe business value of energy efficiency
                • Operational benefitsOperational benefits
                • Quality and reputationQuality and reputation
                • Health and well-beingHealth and well-being
                • + 1 pages

                Stainless steel equipment for dairy food production, metal, rubber and plastic pipes, dairy plant
                • Country report

                • Oct 2025

                Ukraine’s Energy Security As Ukraine heads into another heating season, six measures can help improve energy securityAs Ukraine heads into another heating season, six measures can help improve energy security

                Air defence remains the best method to protect Ukraine’s critical energy and civilian infrastructure. However, there are other steps that can be taken to increase Ukraine’s energy security ahead of and during the coming winter. The IEA proposes six key actions for Ukraine and its partners to help address ongoing energy security challenges. Action 1: Boost protections for critical energy infrastructure and continue improving equipment supply chains Strengthening the security of critical energy infrastructure across Ukraine is vital to maintaining capacity this winter. A multilayered defence strategy, whereby air defence is combined with passive defence measures, can serve…

                • A pre-winter assessmentA pre-winter assessment
                • As Ukraine heads into another heating season, six measures can help improve energy securityAs Ukraine heads into another heating season, six measures can help improve energy security
                Photo depicts the Ukraine electricity grid in winter time. Power line pylons in cold winter morning. Illustration of blackout risk in Ukraine
                • Contributor

                Tim Gould

                Chief Energy Economist. Tim Gould was appointed the Agency's Chief Energy Economist in 2021. As Chief Energy Economist, he provides strategic advice on energy economics across a wide range of IEA activities and analysis. Mr Gould is also Head of the Office of the Chief Energy Economist, in which capacity he co-leads the World Energy Outlook, the IEA's flagship publication series, and oversees the Agency's work on investment and finance, including the World Energy Investment report.Mr Gould joined the IEA in 2008, initially as a specialist on Russian and Caspian energy, and in recent years has designed and directed a wide range of IEA analytical outputs, while continuing to contribute also as an author. Prior to joining the IEA, Mr Gould worked on European and Eurasian energy issues in Brussels and has ten years of experience in Eastern Europe, primarily in Ukraine. He graduated from Oxford University and has a post-graduate diploma from the School of Advanced International Studies of J...

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