IEA
      • About
      • News
      • Events
      • Programmes
      • Help centre
      IEASkip navigation
          • Energy system Chevron down
            Explore the energy system by fuel, technology or sector
            Oil and natural gas supply

            Fossil Fuels

            Photo depicts a solar panels and windmills in the power plant

            Renewables and Low-Emissions Fuels

            Transport

            Transport

            Tracking industry

            Industry

            Tracking buildings

            Buildings

            Explore all
          • Topics Chevron down
            Understand the biggest energy challenges
            Iran tmo 2008052 lrg, NASA image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response team

            The Middle East and Global Energy Markets

            Electricity security report cover

            Energy Security

            Photo Depicts Abstract Curly Tendrils Against Blue Background Gettyimages 1041976390

            Artificial Intelligence

            Critical Mineral Topic Page Header Image

            Critical Minerals

            Access and Affordability

            Pexels Googledeepmind 17485658

            Energy Innovation

            Investment Topic Page Cover Image Windwills In The Background With Solar Panels At The Foreground

            Investment

            Climate Change

            Thisisengineering X7cls0azgkg Unsplash

            Energy and Gender

            Russias War On Ukraine Topic Page Cover An Empty Train Station In Lviv Urkaine

            Russia's War on Ukraine

            • Investment
            • Climate Change
            • Energy and Gender
            • Russia's War on Ukraine
            • Energy and Water
            • Fossil Fuel Subsidies
            • Net Zero Emissions
            • Saving Energy
            • COP28: Tracking the Energy Outcomes
            All topics
          • Countries Chevron down
            Explore the energy system by country or region
            Member countries
            • Australia
            • Austria
            • Belgium
            • Canada
            • Czechia
            • Denmark
            • Estonia
            • Finland
            • France
            • Germany
            • Greece
            • Hungary
            • Ireland
            • Italy
            • Japan
            • Korea
            • Latvia
            • Lithuania
            • Luxembourg
            • Mexico
            • New Zealand
            • Norway
            • Poland
            • Portugal
            • Slovak Republic
            • Spain
            • Sweden
            • Switzerland
            • The Netherlands
            • Türkiye
            • United Kingdom
            • United States
            Accession countries
            • Brazil
            • Chile
            • Colombia
            • Costa Rica
            • Israel
            • Romania
            Association countries
            • Argentina
            • China
            • Egypt
            • India
            • Indonesia
            • Kenya
            • Morocco
            • Nigeria
            • Senegal
            • Singapore
            • South Africa
            • Thailand
            • Ukraine
            • Viet Nam
            All Countries and Regions
          • DataChevron down
            Use, download and buy global energy data

            Data explorers

            Understand and manipulate data with easy to use explorers and trackers

            Data explorers

            Data sets

            Free and paid data sets from across the energy system available for download

            Data sets

            Policies database

            Past, existing or planned government policies and measures

            Policies database

            Chart Library

            Access every chart published across all IEA reports and analysis

            Chart
            Explore data
          • Reports Chevron down
            Read the latest analysis from the IEA
            • Oil Market Report - June 2026

              Fuel report — 17 June 2026

              Oil Market Report - June
            • Sheltering From Oil Shocks

              Measures to reduce impacts on households and businesses

              Fuel report — 20 March 2026

              Photo depicts Aerial view of heavy traffic on a motorway in Perth, Australia, with a train running along the parallel railway line, several lanes congested with vehicles
            • GettyImages 2157213934

              World Energy Outlook 2025

              Read more

              Flagship report — 12 November 2025

            • The photo depicts a 3d rendered particle trail background. Magic sparkle trail effect. Shimmering waves with light effect isolated on black background. Lines swirl effect. Abstract motion.

              Energy Technology Perspectives 2026

              Read more

              Flagship report — 26 March 2026

            All reports
          • Search
          • Bag
            1
          • User Profile

          Sign In

          You are connecting via IP recognition from
          .

          If you wish to proceed, click on Connect.
          If you prefer to log into your personal account, please sign in below.

          ConnectConnect
          OR
          Error
          Eye
          Error
          Create an account

          Create a free IEA account to download our reports or subcribe to a paid service.

          Join for freeJoin for free
              All content Reports Data & Tools News & Events
              Authors Countries Energy system Newsletters Policies Programmes Sectors Topics
                • Technology report

                • May 2026

                Ultra-fast charging batteries

                GEVO 2026 - Chapter 8 New power‑electronics materials, battery cell technologies and battery pack architectures are enabling more efficient, higher‑voltage – and therefore faster – charging systems. Advances in batteries and power electronics are improving EV performance Over the past decade, average EV battery pack energy density (Wh/kg) has increased by around 60%, while prices have fallen by roughly 75%. Moreover, in 2023, battery-related patents accounted for 40% of all energy-sector patents, suggesting that more developments are still to come. At the same time, new power‑electronics materials, battery cell technologies and battery pack architectures are enabling more efficient, higher‑voltage – and…

                • Country report

                • Mar 2025

                Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap Policy recommendations for the coming 2-3 yearsPolicy recommendations for the coming 2-3 years

                Prioritise deployment of renewables to boost energy security and create an enabling environment for future hydrogen development Ukraine currently lacks adequate power generation capacity and restoring energy security must be a priority. Any activity focused on accelerating deployment of renewables will have positive spillover effects for hydrogen, by building experience across the workforce and companies and helping to build confidence among potential investors. This will also indirectly reduce the cost of capital by reducing the uncertainties related with renewable electricity generation. Similarly, any efforts related to permitting and administrative processes for renewables can also support the creation of standardised processes…

                • Executive summaryExecutive summary
                • Taking stock of the effect of warTaking stock of the effect of war
                • The hydrogen opportunityThe hydrogen opportunity
                • Unlocking the opportunity - A roadmap for actionUnlocking the opportunity - A roadmap for action
                • + 1 pages

                Shutterstock 1136857097
                • Policy report

                • Oct 2025

                Indicators Handbook for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions Key findings from workshops on challenges and opportunities for tracking progress on just and inclusive energy transitionsKey findings from workshops on challenges and opportunities for tracking progress on just and inclusive energy transitions

                Several challenges and opportunities emerged from the seven workshops. These include: Data improvements and digital opportunities Improving the availability of disaggregated data offers new ways to monitor key just transition dimensions.Clean energy programmes and policies can affect groups differently. Indicators tracking their just and inclusive dimensions, therefore, require disaggregated data that allow for intersectional analysis of key socio-economic factors such as gender, age, disability, household tenure, migration status or rural-urban divides. While the availability of disaggregated data remains a fundamental challenge for tracking just transitions across the world, improving it also represents a major opportunity for policymakers…

                • IntroductionIntroduction
                • Purpose and Development of the HandbookPurpose and Development of the Handbook
                • Key findings from workshops on challenges and opportunities for tracking progress on just and inclusive energy transitionsKey findings from workshops on challenges and opportunities for tracking progress on just and inclusive energy transitions
                • Fuel report

                • Oct 2025

                Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis Policy response to the crisisPolicy response to the crisis

                As markets reeled from the drastic reduction in Russian pipeline gas supply to Europe and as global trade and demand patterns shifted, governments did not remain idle. Faced with the spectre of supply shortages, worsening current accounts, and inflation pressure linked to energy imports and rising energy prices for citizens and businesses alike, governments across the main LNG-importing regions rapidly implemented policy and market measures in response to the crisis. Europe The European Union and its member states adopted a number of measures to enhance security of supply and market resilience ahead of the 2022/23 heating season. However…

                • IntroductionIntroduction
                • Anatomy of a natural gas crisisAnatomy of a natural gas crisis
                • Impact analysis of the two largest LNG import regionsImpact analysis of the two largest LNG import regions
                • Policy response to the crisisPolicy response to the crisis
                • + 1 pages

                Gas Market Lessons from the 2022 2023 Energy Crisis Red LNG tanker and swarm of tugboats shutterstock 1421288093
                • Country report

                • Mar 2025

                Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap The hydrogen opportunityThe hydrogen opportunity

                Highlights Ukraine has 18-38 Mtpa of technical renewable hydrogen potential, though economic constraints would result in lower potential. Most potential is in regions with scarce water resources and competition from other industrial activities. Domestic demand for use for steel and fertilisers could reach 2.2 Mtpa, if pre-invasion capacity is restored, and the government target has set a target of 7.2 Mtpa of production by 2050. Most hydrogen production projects proposed prior to the invasion are close to the border with the European Union.Ukraine has a technical potential for solar PV and onshore wind equivalent to 9‑14 times its pre…

                • Executive summaryExecutive summary
                • Taking stock of the effect of warTaking stock of the effect of war
                • The hydrogen opportunityThe hydrogen opportunity
                • Unlocking the opportunity - A roadmap for actionUnlocking the opportunity - A roadmap for action
                • + 1 pages

                Shutterstock 1136857097
                • Policy

                • Korea

                • 2006

                Average Fuel Economy (AFE)

                The program sets challenging AFE targets taking into account to variety of factors such as the current technology, its policy measures and targets of other advanced countries in order to save energy, to increase consumer benefits and to strengthen competitiveness of Korean automobile industry. The program requires vehicle manufacturers and importers to comply with the AFE standards for their cars, so that continuous improvement in vehicle fuel efficiency can be made. (The program has been implemented since January 2006). The target of the program are the automobile manufacturers whose number of the passenger cars (excluding LPG cars and light-weight…

                • Policy

                • Korea

                • 2022

                Wind Power Fixed-Price Competitive Bidding Process

                …the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (through the New and Renewable Energy Center at the Korean Energy Agency) has conducted annual competitive bidding processes for new wind projects. The intent behind the policy is to lower project costs by moving away from individual project contracts to a comprehensive competitive bidding process for meeting overall wind power generation capacity targets. Applications are evaluated and awarded scores (out of a maximum score of 100) that are further broken down into various subcategories. The breakdown is as follows:60/100 for bidding costs8/100 for local community buy-in16/100 for domestic…

                • Policy

                • Korea

                • 2024

                Public Financing Support for Graphite Supply Chain

                The Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy announced plans for KRW 9.7 trillion in government financing for domestic investment targeting greater diversity in graphite supply chains. Currently, the Korean battery industry depends 90% of its graphite supply on China; battery manufacturers have express strong concerns around the US Inflation Reduction Act provisions which would exclude batteries manufactured using Chinese graphite from receiving tax credits. Details of the financing scheme has not yet been announced.

                • Report

                • Nov 2024

                World Energy Employment 2024 Executive summaryExecutive summary

                Global energy employment outperformed broader labour market trends in 2023. The global energy sector added nearly 2.5 million jobs in 2023 on the back of rising investment, bringing total employment to over 67 million workers. Employment in energy – which in this report includes energy supply, the power sector, end-use efficiency and vehicle manufacturing – rose by 3.8%, outpacing the economy-wide average of 2.2%. Energy job growth was fuelled by record levels of investment across a wide range of energy sources in the wake of the global energy crisis. As a result, jobs grew rapidly in both…

                • Executive summaryExecutive summary
                • Understanding the World Energy Employment reportUnderstanding the World Energy Employment report
                Photo despicts Male engineer installing photovoltaic solar panel system, Electrician or worker mounting solar module technology on roof of power industrial factory, alternative, renewable, sustainable energy. Top. view
                • Flagship report

                • Nov 2025

                World Energy Outlook 2025 Achieving access for allAchieving access for all

                A roadmap for universal energy access Today around 2 billion people lack access to clean cooking and some 730 million remain without electricity – deficits which have far-reaching implications for health, economic opportunity and global development. Since 2010, 1.5 billion people have gained access to clean cooking and 1 billion to electricity, demonstrating that rapid progress is possible. Our new Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services Scenario (ACCESS) outlines a country-by-country pathway to universal access that draws on lessons about what has worked best in recent years. Universal clean cooking access is achieved in the ACCESS around 2040. Over 60…

                • Executive summaryExecutive summary
                • Overview and key findingsOverview and key findings
                • Setting the sceneSetting the scene
                • Current Policies ScenarioCurrent Policies Scenario
                • + 5 pages

                GettyImages 2157213934
              Previous page Prev
              Next Next page

              Newsletters

              The best of the IEA sent straight to your inbox

              Subscribe to newsletters

              Podcasts

              Top energy experts put IEA analysis in context

              Listen to our podcast
              • Understand energy
              • Reports
              • News and commentaries
              • Events
              • Energy system
              • Topics
              • Countries and regions
              • Glossary
              • Explore data
              • Data explorers
              • Data sets
              • Policies database
              • Chart library
              • Energy Statistics Browser
              • IEA essentials
              • About
              • Mission
              • Membership
              • Structure
              • Programmes
              • International collaborations
              • Technology collaboration
              • Training
              • Connect
              • Contact
              • Press
              • Careers
              • Internships
              • Delegates
              • Help centre
              IEA
              © 2026 IEA
              • Terms
              • Privacy
              • youtube
              • linkedin
              • bluesky
              • facebook
              • instagram
              • x (formally twitter)
              Back to top

              Subscription successful

              Thank you for subscribing. You can unsubscribe at any time by clicking the link at the bottom of any IEA newsletter.