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Theresa Gebhardt
Caspian and Black Sea Programme Officer.
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Rachel Kyte
Special Representative for Climate.
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Key Questions on Energy and AI Executive summary
The AI and energy nexus continues to evolve rapidly The largest technology companies are contributing to a surge in data centre investment, as their capital expenditure exceeded USD 400 billion in 2025 – and is expected to jump by another 75% in 2026. Capital expenditure of just five technology companies is now larger than global investment in oil and natural gas production. Many jurisdictions are seeing project pipelines accelerate dramatically, although not all projects will come to fruition. Those that are moving forward are doing so at pace: the IEA’s unique satellite-based tracking shows that “artificial intelligence (AI) factories…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry Present and future prospects of electric car manufacturing
Highlights New market-entrants focusing on electric car production are expanding rapidly. Pure-play electric car makers, especially those from China and US-based Tesla, are capturing a growing share of sales; some 45% of global electric car sales in 2024 are from pure-play electric car makers, compared to 35% in 2019. The growth in electric car sales affects both car makers and automotive suppliers, especially those producing powertrains and related components. The automotive supplier market is worth about USD 1.3 trillion, equivalent to over 40% of the global car market. For all components except batteries, companies from…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Trade and infrastructure
Highlights Trade is a major driver of project announcements. Nearly 45% of low-emissions hydrogen from announced production projects is intended for export, exceeding 16 Mtpa H₂-eq by 2030 if all materialise. Yet export-oriented projects are less likely to reach the investment stage, with only 5% having done so. These projects tend to be large scale, lacking off-takers. More than half are in emerging and developing economies, where affordable capital and export infrastructure may be limited.Some governments are supporting the large-scale offtake of low-emissions hydrogen by providing funds for long-term premiums through competitive auctions. However…
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Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson
Cardinal, First Prefect of the Dicastery for the Promotion of Integral Human Development.
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Global Energy Review 2026 Key findings
All major energy fuels and technologies grew in 2025 – but at very different rates. Overall global energy demand growth slowed to 1.3%, just below the average for the previous decade. Slower economic growth and slower growth in energy-intensive industries in some regions, lower cooling demand, and faster efficiency improvements all contributed to slower demand growth.Solar PV, the largest single source of growth, met more than 25% of higher demand, followed by natural gas, which contributed 17%. This was the first time on record that a modern renewable source contributed the largest share of global energy demand growth…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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Energy and AI Energy supply for AI
Global electricity supply to meet data centre demand Global electricity generation to supply data centres is projected to grow from 460 TWh in 2024 to over 1 000 TWh in 2030 and 1 300 TWh in 2035 in the Base Case. Over the next five years, renewables meet nearly half of the additional demand, followed by natural gas and coal, with nuclear starting to play an increasingly important role towards the end of this decade and beyond.Coal, with a share of about 30%, is the largest source of electricity, though this varies significantly by region, with the highest contribution found in China. Renewables – primarily wind…
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Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis Introduction
Over the course of 2022 and 2023, the largest natural gas supply shock in history unfolded, developing from seemingly regional dynamics into a global shockwave in gas and wider energy markets. The crisis has yet to be entirely resolved in the 3 years that have since passed. However, the post-crisis gas market paradigm has started to emerge, making it possible to draw lessons from the most acute phase of the crisis that can be transposed from one region or market to another, or that can be achieved through collective action across the wider gas market. While gas dependency can…
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The State of Energy Innovation 2025 Executive summary
Today’s energy technology landscape is highly dynamic. Innovations span a wide range of countries and technology areas, both emerging and established. These advances have implications for energy system planning and, ultimately, for the world economy. Whether incremental or disruptive, they are the products of government support, market expectations, finance, knowledge-sharing and accessible R&D and test facilities. It is testament to the efforts of energy innovators around the world that decision makers today can choose from a range of technology options to address strategic goals for all parts of the energy system. However, technological progress to tackle existing…
