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Fuel report
Oct 2025
Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis Anatomy of a natural gas crisis
…Russian piped gas supplies accelerated steeply over the course of 2022, against the backdrop of the Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. In response to EU sanctions on its central bank (itself a measure in response to the Russian Federation’s invasion of Ukraine), the Russian Federation (hereafter “Russia”) attempted to impose a rouble payment system on EU buyers for existing contracts. This action led to unilateral cuts in exports and Russian sanctions on certain buyers as EU member states contested the legality of the move.Furthermore, by October 2022 only three pipeline routes connecting Russia to Europe …
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Contributor
Dan Dorner
Head of the Strategic Initiatives Office. Dan Dorner took up his duties as Head of the Strategic Initiatives Office at the International Energy Agency in December 2022. Previously, he was Head of Secretariat for the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM), a global forum tasked with accelerating clean energy transitions. Mr Dorner’s involvement with the IEA goes back more than a decade, having worked as a lead author for the Agency’s flagship World Energy Outlook report and serving as the Executive Director’s Sherpa to the United Nations. Over the years, he has also held a variety of positions in the British government, serving as the UK’s Head of International Energy and as a senior adviser and analyst at the Treasury Department.
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Fuel report
May 2025
Global Methane Tracker 2025 Understanding methane emissions
Methane concentration in the atmosphere continues to rise The concentration of methane in the atmosphere is now over two-and-a-half times above pre-industrial levels. Atmospheric records show that, in relative terms, methane concentrations have been rising more quickly than those of all other major greenhouse gases – and at a rate faster than in any period since recordkeeping began. This growth is mainly due to mounting emissions from human activity, but there are also indications that a warming climate is driving up emissions from natural sources such as wetlands. Methane is responsible for around 30% of the rise…
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- Executive summary
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
- Steel
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+ 3 pages
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Contributor
Andrew O'Callaghan
Senior Policy and Programme Evaluator, Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI). Andrew O’Callaghan is a Senior Policy and Programme Evaluator at the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI). He works on developing evidence and data models to assess the impact of national retrofit and energy efficiency programmes. Andrew has a background in applied psychology and carbon management, and has previously worked in behavioural economics and energy modelling. His work supports the design of more effective and inclusive policies to advance Ireland’s climate and energy goals.
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Data tool
20 May 2026
Global EV Policy Explorer
Key policies and measures that support the deployment of electric and zero-emission vehicles Explore key policies and measures for EV deployment This table highlights current as well as announced key policies and measures that support the deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) and zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) by region and country. These policies and measures take a variety of forms, e.g. fuel economy standards, CO2 emissions standards, deployment roadmaps, and sales or stock targets and ambiti...
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Country
Russia
Russia is the world’s second-largest producer of natural gas, behind the United States, and has the world’s largest gas reserves. Russia is the world’s largest gas exporter. In 2021 the country produced 762 bcm of natural gas, and exported approximately 210 bcm via pipeline.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages