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World Energy Employment 2025
The World Energy Employment (WEE) report series provides comprehensive tracking and analysis of the global energy workforce, including estimates of its size and distribution across regions, sectors, and technologies. It also assesses how energy labour requirements evolve to 2035 across all IEA scenarios.The WEE 2025 – the fourth edition – examines how skilled labour needs and shortages have changed since the series first highlighted these issues in 2022, and explores their implications for education and training systems, wages, policy, and the global buildout of energy infrastructure. This year’s report introduces, for the first time, detailed occupation-level estimates that offer…
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Advancing Methane Emissions Reductions by National Oil Companies
…and repair programmes, and deploying low-emissions equipment. Many of these mitigation options do not require measured emissions data or large investments. Flaring reductions by NOCs could make 60 billion cubic metres of natural gas available for domestic consumption or for export.Develop a methane monitoring, reporting, and verification system based on emissions measurements. This would enable a better assessment of abatement options and a credible way to track progress over time. It would also help meet market and regulatory requirements such as those of the European Union’s (EU) methane regulation.Make the most of supporting initiatives. Many initiatives...
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Demand- and Supply-Side Measures for the Industry Transition
Policy brief As governments look to scale up lead markets for near-zero and low-emissions steel and cement, targeted policy measures can help overcome commercialisation barriers, capture emerging market opportunities and support broader government objectives. This policy brief explores a variety of possible policy instruments to stimulate demand and supply of such industrial materials, providing options that governments could adopt and adapt as part of their industrial policy framework – tailored to their unique circumstances to enhance effectiveness – along with practical next steps towards implementation.
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Household Energy Affordability: Data and Indicators
A methodological framework for national monitoring Effective policy requires robust monitoring of household energy affordability, yet no unified methodological approach currently exists. The upcoming IEA report Household Energy Affordability: Data and Indicators, to be published in July, addresses this gap. This executive summary presents its key elements, including a robust methodological framework structured around dimensions, indicators and data to support policy discussions and national monitoring efforts.
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Energy Management for Industry
Driving efficiency implementation This report demonstrates the value of energy management for industry and governments. It illustrates how more systematic approaches to energy efficiency can contribute to ensure continual, durable, and increasing improvements that support competitiveness and energy security. It shows how new advances in energy management, such as increased digitalisation and artificial intelligence, can provide further benefits at speed and at scale. Building on best practices and innovative approaches, the report provides policy guidance on effective policy packages, giving insights into possible actions for policy makers irrespective of the maturity of existing programmes.
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The State of Energy Innovation 2026
…The share of all patents that are related to energy is growing, and over 320 new energy start-ups raised their first funding in 2025. These are signals of an active ecosystem but innovators depend on a predictable funding and policy framework. The report shows that the value of spending on energy innovation can be seen in market outcomes, with public energy innovation support behind some recent, major steps forward in the energy sector. The report includes several timely policy recommendations and in-depth chapters on two dynamic fields, namely technologies to enhance electricity grid resilience and advance fusion energy.
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The Future of Electricity in the Middle East and North Africa
…region’s climate, characterised by extreme heat and water scarcity, implies that reliable and resilient electricity systems are integral to meeting soaring demand for cooling and water desalination. This outlook provides an unprecedented regional overview of demand patterns for cooling and water desalination including country-level data.How countries across the region meet this increased demand will have profound implications for the region’s economic future but also for global energy markets. This report also explores the challenges and opportunities to sustainably meet electricity demand growth by exploring the potential of both demand and supply side policies and measures. Translation
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Critical Mineral Traceability for Energy and Economic Security
…how they move through supply chains, who has custody of them and how they are transformed is increasingly important for policymakers seeking to create diversified and responsible supply chains.This report provides insights from a first-of-its kind survey on traceability conducted by the IEA and OECD. More than 80 respondent companies active across supply chains of the six focus minerals (copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and rare earth elements) provided results between October and December 2025. Drawing on these, the report assesses the current state of company traceability practices, examines how governments are deploying traceability as a policy…
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Demand and Supply Measures for the Steel and Cement Transition
…nature of markets for industrial products, the need for large and capital-intensive technology demonstrations for near-zero emission production, and the larger demand signals that can be created by pooling commitments across borders. This report – produced at the request of the Climate Club yet generally applicable to policy discussions for industrial decarbonisation – offers considerations and options for governments to scale-up markets for near-zero and low-emissions steel and cement, while concurrently reducing reliance on high-emissions materials. It makes the case for why both demand-side and supply-side measures are important to kick-start markets for…
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Clean Energy Technology Supply Chain Data
…an essential role to play. The availability of good-quality, timely data is crucial to gaining this understanding and to identifying and addressing supply chain vulnerabilities.This report is provided as an input to the discussions taking place as part of the Global Clean Power Alliance Supply Chains Mission – an initiative established by the Government of the United Kingdom to advance practical solutions to strengthen clean power supply chains. This report addresses the data component of this initiative and explores the challenges – and potential solutions – to the paucity of granular and timely data associated with clean energy technology supply chains.
